<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198</id><updated>2011-11-23T11:03:12.293+02:00</updated><category term='Souveraineté alimentaire'/><category term='5a Conferencia'/><category term='Actualité des membres'/><title type='text'>La Via Campesina Africa</title><subtitle type='html'>LA VIA CAMPESINA AFRICA 
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L'actualité des organisations paysannes membres de Via Campesina en Afrique, le Mouvement International des Paysans</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>49</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-8980727947389712465</id><published>2011-11-23T11:01:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-11-23T11:03:12.307+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Via Campesina at COP17 in Durban: Industrial Agriculture heats up the planet. Farmers are cooling it down!</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;MEDIA ADVISORY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Maputo, 21st November, 2011) - The International Peasant's Movement La Via Campesina will be at the 17th Conference of Parties, the UN summit on Climate Change, that will take place in Durban, South Africa, from the 28th of November to the 9th of December 2011. More than two hundred peasants, women and men, from Africa, Europe, Latin America and Caribe will represent millions of small-scale producers from around the world, practicing agroecology to cool down the Earth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Durban, members of La Via Campesina will denounce the industrial agriculture model&amp;nbsp;as one of the main drivers of climate change. We will also expose agribussiness' aggressive land grabbing tactics globally, causing mass displacement of people for monoculture production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Peasants globally oppose false solutions to&amp;nbsp;climate change, such as monoculture plantations, REDD mechanisms, soil carbon markets, and the so called&amp;nbsp;“Climate Smart Agriculture”, which instead of solving the climate crisis,&amp;nbsp;are heating up the planet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Durban, LVC will participate on the Global Day of Action on the 3rd of December, to demand social and climate justice. On the 5th of December, all African peasants movements will celebrate the Agroecology and Food Sovereignty day to Cool Down the Earth, a symbolic manifestation to demand respect for the cause of peasants globally.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Meeting with the press&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;3rd December&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Global Day of Action, during demonstrations, at starting point of the main march&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;05th December, 09h30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inside Press Conference – at ICC (International Convention Center) in Durban, at press room&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;06th December, 15h&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outside Press conference with Via Campesinas´ Allies (Place to be confirmed)&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contacts for media&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Boaventura Monjane, boa.monjane@viacampesina.org&lt;br /&gt;Local number: 0027 - (0)736509229 (from the 28th of November)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cassia Bechara cassia@mst.org.br&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-8980727947389712465?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/8980727947389712465/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=8980727947389712465' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/8980727947389712465'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/8980727947389712465'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/11/via-campesina-at-cop17-in-durban.html' title='Via Campesina at COP17 in Durban: Industrial Agriculture heats up the planet. Farmers are cooling it down!'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-8619346463222624890</id><published>2011-11-21T08:42:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-11-23T11:02:47.402+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Lancement d'une alliance internationale contre les accaparements de terres</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Communiquéde Presse La Via Campesina - CNOP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Sélingué,Mali, 19 Novembre 2011 -- Plus de 250 paysannes et paysans, venus de30 pays du monde ont créé aujourd´hui une alliance internationalecontre les accaparements de terres. Cette alliance sera dirigée parles paysans et paysannes, en collaboration avec de nombreuxmouvements sociaux et organisations. L'annonce a été faite lors dela clôture de la "Conférénce internationale: Stop auxaccaparements de terres" organisée par la Confédérationnationale des organisations paysannes du Mali (CNOP) et La ViaCampesina, mouvement paysan international.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;L'accaparementdes terres est un phénomène mondial dont l'ampleur et la vitessesont  inégalées. Au Mali, au cours des dernières années, plus 800000 hectares de terres arables ont été cédés par le gouvernementaux investisseurs par le biais de baux de 30 ans, renouvelables. Demême, il est estimé qu'en Afrique plus 30 millions d'hectares ontété vendus ou loués. Au niveau mondial, cela atteindrait de 60 à80 millions d'hectares, mais du fait du caractère secret voireillégal des contrats, il ne s'agit que de la partie visible del'iceberg. Ces terres sont déjà transférées aux élitesnationales, aux multinationales et aux fonds financiers qui cherchentà faire des bénéfices ou à spéculer au moyen de projetsd'agricuture industrielle, d'exploitation minière, de productiond'agrocarburants, de marchés du carbone, de tourisme, de grandsbarrages, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;D'aucunsles présentent comme des "investissements" alors que cesaccaparements de terre ne sont autre que du vol. Il s'agit égalementd'une véritable violation des droits des paysans et des paysannes.Ces accaparements spolient les petits producteurs, les éleveurs, lespeuples indigènes, entre autres, de leur patrimoine et de leursmoyens de subistance. Quand les paysans se défendent pour défendreleurs intérêts vitaux, ils sont battus, emprisonnés voireassassinés.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Devantla gravité de la situation, les organisations paysannes réunies auMali ont créé aujourd'hui une alliance qui permettra de renforceret de soutenir les communautés paysannes dans leurs luttes contrecette offensive. Un plan d'action a été adopté, comprenantnotamment un observatoire permettant de collecter et d'échanger lesdonnées concrètes concernant les accarements de terres. Lesparticipants et participantes à cette conférence se sont engagés àtravailler ensemble, de toute urgence, pour mettre fin auxaccaparements de terres. Ainsi, il sera possible de mettre en oeuvrede vraies réformes agraires et des politiques foncières au servicedes exploitations agricoles familiales et de remplacer le modèleagro-industriel par l'agriculture paysanne, seule garante de lasouverainté alimentaire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pourplus d'informations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;:+ 223 60351445&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Voiraussi la délcaration, des articles et des photos de la conférencesur &lt;a href="http://www.viacampesina.org/" target="_blank"&gt;www.viacampesina.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-8619346463222624890?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/8619346463222624890/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=8619346463222624890' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/8619346463222624890'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/8619346463222624890'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/11/lancement-dune-alliance-internationale.html' title='Lancement d&apos;une alliance internationale contre les accaparements de terres'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-1709597417328451558</id><published>2011-11-15T18:33:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-11-21T08:43:52.744+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Acto Público para apresentação da Posição sobre a Conferência Mundial sobre as Mudanças Climáticas (COP17) e lançamento da Caravana Trans-africana da Esperança rumo a Durban</title><content type='html'>&lt;style&gt;&lt;!-- /* Font Definitions */@font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; 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font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;próximo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;dia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Novembro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Acto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Público&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; a divulgação&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Posição&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;dos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Camponeses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Sociedade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Civil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;moçambicana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;perante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Conferência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Mundial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;sobre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Mudanças&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Climáticas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;(COP17)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;na&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;cidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;sul-africana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Durban&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;África&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Sul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; a decorrer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;entre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;próximos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;dias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Novembro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Dezembro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;usurpação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;terras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;aráveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;das&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;culturas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;alimentares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;dos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;camponeses,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;produção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;agrocombustíveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;monoculturas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;árvores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;exportação,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;contínua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;apropriação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;dos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;recursos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Moçambicanos,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;incluindo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;terra,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;água&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;outros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;recursos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;naturais,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;licenciamento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;poluidores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;continuem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;poluir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;ao&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;abrigo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;REDD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;outros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;mecanismos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;similares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;compensação,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;servem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;apenas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;empurrar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Moçambique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;África&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;posições&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;mais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;precárias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;devem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;ser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;rejeitadas,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;pois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;estas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;corroem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;justiça&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;política,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;social,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;económica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;ambiental&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Moçambique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;todo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Continente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Africano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;refere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;parte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;documento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;ser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;apresentado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Na&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; ocasião, far-se-áigualmente a apresentação e o lançamento oficial da Caravana Trans-africana daEsperança, uma iniciativa continental que levará centenas de pessoas dediversos países de África a percorrerem milhares de quilómetros de estrada rumoa Durban, para juntar-se a outras milhares de pessoas que em Durban irão exigirjustiça social e climática.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;COP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;encontro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;mundial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;negociações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;vista&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;chegar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;acordos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;visem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;redução&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;das&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;emissões&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;gases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;efeito&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;estufa,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;têm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;levado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;planeta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;aquecimento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;global&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;às&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;alterações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;climáticas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;acordos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;produzidos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;nas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;últimas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;duas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;reuniões&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;desta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;natureza,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Copenhaga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Cancun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;2010,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;provam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;não&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;comprometimento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;dos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Governos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;chegar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;soluções&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;confiáveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;sustentáveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;mitigação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;das&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;mudanças&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;climáticas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;redução&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;drástica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;das&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;emissões&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;por&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;parte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;dos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;países&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;desenvolvidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Local:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Associação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;dos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Músicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Moçambicanos,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Avenida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Maguiguana,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;No&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;910&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Hora:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;das&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;09h30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;às&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;12h30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;No&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;final&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;acto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;público&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;haverá&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;uma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;conferencia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;imprensa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Contactos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;imprensa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Justiça Ambiental (JA!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Jeremias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Vunjanhe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;84 4427780 - &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:21496668/media@ja.org.mz"&gt;21496668/media@ja.org.mz&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;UNAC/Via&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Campesina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Boaventura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;Monjane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;82 2605010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="PT" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:boa.monjane@viacampesina.org"&gt;boa.monjane@viacampesina.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-1709597417328451558?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/1709597417328451558/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=1709597417328451558' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/1709597417328451558'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/1709597417328451558'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/11/acto-publico-para-apresentacao-da.html' title='Acto Público para apresentação da Posição sobre a Conferência Mundial sobre as Mudanças Climáticas (COP17) e lançamento da Caravana Trans-africana da Esperança rumo a Durban'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-3842999288172497339</id><published>2011-11-04T12:04:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-11-21T08:44:20.234+02:00</updated><title type='text'>5 December: International Food Sovereignty Day to Cool Down the Earth (Durban)</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2 style="color: #38761d;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;CALL TO MASS ACTION AND MOBILIZATION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;5th December 2011, Durban, South Africa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We call on all farmers’ movements and organizations, rural workers, landless people and all the food sovereignty movement to join us for an international day of mass action on the 5th of December 2011, during the COP 17 civil society mobilization in Durban, South Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Humanity is confronted with a food, economic and ecological crisis that is rooted in the neoliberal capitalist system of production, distribution and consumption. These multiple crises highlight the limits of neoliberal capitalist production. Today transnational corporations and governments are presenting false solutions to climate change, hijacking the United Nations Conference of Parties (COP17) also referred to as the Conference of Polluters, to be held in Durban South Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;These corporate elites, western governments and the neo liberal capitalist system that is responsible for generating the crisis are presenting us with false solutions. The countries of the South and Africa in particular will be hard hit by climate change. Scientists indicate that the African continent is expected to be drier and would become warmer more quickly than other regions of the planet, despite the fact that Africa has contributed the least to global warming. This will hugely impact on agriculture, which is an important livelihood source across Africa. There will be yield losses of the major staple foods of the continent like maize, sorghum, millet, cassava etc. due to temperature rises.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Industrial agriculture and production is responsible for global warming, hunger, land dispossession, massive displacements of farmers, rural workers and indigenous communities across the continent.&lt;br /&gt;In South Africa the host country after 17 years of democracy, millions of farm workers and dwellers have been evicted from commercial farms, only 5% of agricultural land has been transferred to black people, millions in rural and urban areas suffer from food and nutritional insecurity. Today this country is the most unequal society in the world. Particularly women in South Africa have felt the impact of these unequal relations and exclusion more severely.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The solutions put forward by these corporations and governments are already leading towards a re-colonization of Africa and the countries of the global south with massive land grabs and the imposition of a new green revolution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instead of finding real solutions to climate and ecological crisis faced by humanity, the Durban COP17 meeting is a platform for corporations through their governments to accelerate the complete commodification of nature. These criminal schemes presented as solutions include amongst other things the promotion of Genetically Modified Seeds, Agro-fuels, carbon trading, climate smart agriculture, Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Why an Agro-ecology and Food Sovereignty Day&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As farmers, farm workers, landless women and men we should mobilize through direct action against these false solutions to expose its criminal intent and catastrophic consequences for the continent and the global south. At the World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Right of Mother Earth (April 2010) held in Bolivia resulted in the People’s Agreement of Cochabamba real solutions to climate change were offered which was totally ignored by governments. Food Sovereignty and agro-ecology are the real solutions of farmers and workers to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We call on all farmers, workers and the landless and all social movements to join us in Durban and everywhere in the world on the 5th of December 2011 to demand a change of the entire capitalist system. The fight against climate change is a fight against neoliberal capitalism, landlessness, dispossession, hunger, poverty and inequality. The crisis of the planet requires that we take direct action. During the agro-ecology and food sovereignty day we will have public protest marches to the conference of the polluters, actions against multinational corporations like Monsanto undermining our seed sovereignty, which will cuminate in a massive Assembly of the Oppressed to discuss ways of ending this unjust system. This will be a day of continued actions where farmers and workers from the entire African continent with social movements from the whole world will demand:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Genuine agrarian reform for food sovereignty&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Agro ecological revolution as the solution to climate change&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Restructuring of the entire food system&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Full and equal participation of women in the new food system and in the society as a whole&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Building of a food system based on human needs&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;End to multinational control of our genetic resources&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Seed sovereignty where seed can adapt and mitigate climate change&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;We call on all the movements of farmers and workers to mobilize and have local direct action in every locality in the world on the Agro-ecological and Food Sovereignty Day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reclaim Climate Justice!&lt;br /&gt;Our Planet is not for sale!&lt;br /&gt;No to the Conference of Polluters!&lt;br /&gt;Defend Mother Earth!&lt;br /&gt;Africa is not for sale!&lt;br /&gt;No to the re-colonization of Africa!&lt;br /&gt;This call is convened and supported by:&lt;br /&gt;LA VIA CAMPESINA&lt;br /&gt;AGRARIAN REFORM FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY CAMPAIGN, SOUTH AFRICA&lt;br /&gt;SURPLUS PEOPLE PROJECT (SPP), SOUTH AFRICA&lt;br /&gt;TRUST FOR COMMUNITY OUTREACH AND EDUCATION (TCOE), SOUTH AFRICA&lt;br /&gt;WOMEN ON FARM PROJECT (SOUTH AFRICA)&lt;br /&gt;EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA SMALL SCALE FARMERS’ FORUM (ESAFF)&lt;br /&gt;ESAFF ZIMBABWE&lt;br /&gt;ESAFF UGANDA&lt;br /&gt;ROPPA (Network of Farmers and Agricultural Producers’ Organisations of West Africa)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you want to join us in Durban for December 5th, organize an activity in your community/locality/country and share it with us on that day, sign and support the call, or any other inquiry about that specific action, please write to: &lt;b&gt;lvcatcop17@gmail.com&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-3842999288172497339?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/3842999288172497339/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=3842999288172497339' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/3842999288172497339'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/3842999288172497339'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/11/5-december-international-food.html' title='5 December: International Food Sovereignty Day to Cool Down the Earth (Durban)'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-7799262965949080305</id><published>2011-10-28T15:26:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-11-21T08:46:21.919+02:00</updated><title type='text'>La Via Campesina at the CFS: "We can no longer wait"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Contribution          by Ibrahim Coulibaly on the volatility of agricultural prices,          CFS,          19 October 2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Around 40 years          ago,          when I was young, we did not speak of volatility. I still          remember          how our government gave our parents ploughs, plough oxen, and          fertilizer on credit. At the time, there was a public service,          the          OPAM, that bought food products from farming families at          prices that          were known beforehand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Around 30 years          ago,          I was in secondary school and we were told that it was better          to          produce for external markets. We began hearing the phrase          “deterioration of the terms of exchange” in the discourse of          our          male politicians. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;This was a true lament at the time, but it          found no          echo anywhere. What did it refer to? The prices of export          agricultural products were collapsing on the international          market.          The governments of the time had made the fatal error of          encouraging          family farmers to produce more export products. When things          went          wrong, these farmers alone paid the heavy price.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;The collapse of          our          economies and the growth of the public debt in the 1980’s led          the          World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to subject our          countries to structural adjustment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;We were told          that          the state was inefficient and that we needed to make more room          for          the private sector. At the same time, our states were forced          to go          even deeper into debt to restore macro-economic balances. We          were          told to cut all support to sustainable family farming, which          was          termed unsuccessful. Then the World Bank and its allies          launched a          true demolition campaign against this type of agriculture.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;We were told to          produce even more cash crops for export, such as cotton,          coffee and          peanuts, at very low prices that were set abroad. With these          slogans          we were told to buy rice from Asia, or flour and dried milk          from          Europe, all of which are now so volatile. The descent into          hell had          begun for farming families and for our over-indebted states          that were          incapable of paying.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Then we were          told to          become competitive according to the criteria of international          financial institutions, and also that our states were no          longer          authorized to protect us. Our customs tariffs were dismantled          and our          markets, liberalized. Food products from elsewhere were          unloaded onto          our markets, making us even more vulnerable to price          volatility.          Eating habits changed in our cities; the food produced by          farming          families no longer sold. In West Africa this phenomenon was          aggravated by the advent of the West African Economic and          Monetary          Union (WAEMU) and its Common External Tariff, known as the          lowest          customs tariff in the world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;And yet none of          these “solutions” imposed on us pulled us out of poverty. On          the          contrary, we became even more vulnerable. This is the context          in          which family farming is asked to be successful.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Today, we are          subjected to new challenges that are falling from the skies.          Climate          change, financial speculation, unpredictable international          markets,          new policies by developed countries that grab our land to          produce          fuels. We no longer hear anything about all of these issues,          even          though they lie at the heart of the volatility that is          currently          being discussed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Instead of          addressing the causes of our poverty and of the volatility, we          have          seen complete catalogues of projects and programmes financed          in the          name of the rural sector. Billions of dollars are mobilized          every          year but the reality is that more than half of the farming          families          in most of our countries cannot find 1,000 dollars to pay for          a          plough, a couple of oxen, a cart or a donkey (see the study by          the          FAO on agricultural mechanization in Mali).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;The high panel          of          experts should be commissioned to study the efficiency of what          is          mobilized in the name of the poor. When several hundreds of          millions          of dollars are mobilized, how much makes it to the fields of          the poor          and of the women, who are so often mentioned? You would be          surprised          by the results of such a study. Or maybe not. Considering how          long          they have been mobilizing all these millions in our name, we          clearly          should have all been rich by now.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;In spite of all          of          this, and without any aid, any protection whatsoever, and with          all          the powerful of the world against it, sustainable family          farming has          not disappeared.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Unfortunately          we had          to suffer the current crisis for our governments to become          once again          aware of the necessity for food security based on food          production at          the national level. However, sustainable solutions are not yet          in          sight.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;To solve the          problem          of price volatility, we the sustainable family farmers, with          the          support of other actors in civil society, believe that it is          necessary:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;← &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;To give          priority          to our local markets and regional integration, rather than let          our          prices be dictated by remote and unpredictable international          markets.          This is the only solution that will enable us, family farmers,          to          feed ourselves, our communities and our cities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;← &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;To halt all          forms of competition between farmers and production modes with          a very          large disparity in productivity (the hoe against the tractor          plus the          subsidy is a tall order). One does not have the right to tell          us that          we will eat when we have become competitive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;← &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;To stop the          policies which are destabilizing our systems of sustainable          family          farming. In times of overproduction we suffer from dumping, in          times          of shortage we suffer from restrictions on the export of food          we have          been told to no longer produce.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;← &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Our          governments          must aspire to policies that will pull us out of poverty and          destitution, protect our systems of sustainable family farming          from          volatile markets, and support us so that we can invest to feed          our          populations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;← &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;We know what          needs doing. Instruments exist to stabilize prices:          appropriate          customs tariffs, strategic stocks at different levels, the          management          of offer and demand, and regulations against speculators. In          the name          of whom is the World Trade Organization forbidding us from          doing          this?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;← &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Sustainable          family farmers, women and vulnerable groups in rural areas          must be          granted real access to the funds mobilized in their name so          they can          buy agricultural equipment, fertilizers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;and          seeds, and create value with their products so they can          finally begin          to live with dignity from their work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;To finish, I          want to          encourage each of you when we sit in front our plates of food          this          lunchtime, to meditate and recall that human beings are dying          of          hunger and malnutrition at this very moment because costly          meetings          are organized around their fate but without the actions that          could          save them being carried out. We can no longer wait.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-7799262965949080305?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/7799262965949080305/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=7799262965949080305' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7799262965949080305'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7799262965949080305'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/10/la-via-campesina-at-cfs-we-can-no.html' title='La Via Campesina at the CFS: &quot;We can no longer wait&quot;'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-1387880376876686502</id><published>2011-10-28T15:20:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-28T15:22:27.491+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Communiqué du CNCR à propos des événements à Fanaye</title><content type='html'>Dakar, le 27 octobre 2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Au nom de ses membres et de tous les ruraux du Sénégal, le Conseil National de Concertation et de Coopération des Ruraux (CNCR) exprime sa profonde tristesse suite aux événements survenus à Fanaye le 26 octobre 2011. Dans cette tragique épreuve, nous présentons nos sincères condoléances aux familles touchées par les décès et témoignons aux blessés dans les affrontements ainsi qu’à leurs proches toute notre compassion et notre solidarité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le CNCR est conscient de la sensibilité de la question foncière au Sénégal et demeure convaincu que les problèmes qu’elle pose ne sauraient se régler par la multiplication des affrontements au sein même de nos communautés locales. C’est pourquoi, nous appelons l’État et les collectivités locales qui ont la charge de la gestion du foncier à éviter les décisions non concertées pouvant entrainer la discorde au sein des populations rurales. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;A ces dernières, nous demandons de recourir à la loi pour contester toute décision jugée inéquitable et infondée. Dans cette démarche qui bannit la violence, le CNCR sera toujours à leurs côtés pour la défense des intérêts des exploitations agricoles familiales et de toutes les populations rurales. Le CNCR rappelle, que c’est à son initiative et par la mobilisation des forces vives du monde rural que le volet foncier extrêmement litigieux proposé en 2003 a finalement été retiré de la Loi d’orientation agro-sylvo-pastorale (LOASP promulguée en 2004.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; L’Etat s’était alors engagé à poursuivre et à faire aboutir une réforme foncière consensuelle dans un délai de 2 ans. En dépit de cette volonté pacifique de traiter équitablement la question foncière, un nouveau projet de texte qui visait à créer de vastes zones d’investissements intensifs en immatriculant les terres au nom de l’Etat a été, en 2008, introduit par le Gouvernement du Sénégal. Le projet de texte stipulait que ces terres devaient être cédées à titre de bail, droit de superficie ou titre foncier, uniquement à des investisseurs capables de les mettre en valeur suivant un modèle d’entreprenariat agricole ou d’agrobusiness. Ce qui excluait forcément les exploitations agricoles familiales. Cette vision du foncier nous a paru en divergence profonde avec la conception du développement agricole et rural telle que proposée dans la loi d’orientation agro-sylvo-pastorale (LOASP).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C’est pour toutes ces raisons que le CNCR a vivement manifesté aux autorités son opposition à ce projet de texte. Enfin, le CNCR souligne qu’il travaille actuellement à l’actualisation des propositions des exploitations agricoles familiales sur la question foncière en prenant soin d’y associer les élus locaux, les parlementaires, les services techniques de l’Etat et les universitaires. Persuadé que seuls le dialogue et la concertation peuvent régler les divergences sur le foncier, le CNCR appelle l’État sénégalais à la plus grande vigilance et le prie de se mettre à l’écoute de la population rurale et des organisations qui représentent les exploitations agricoles familiales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nous demandons à l’Etat du Sénégal, garant de la sécurité, de la justice et de l’équité, de prendre toutes les dispositions nécessaires pour qu’un autre Fanaye ne se reproduise et d’engager immédiatement un processus inclusif de réflexion sur la réforme foncière afin de mieux sécuriser et protéger les droits des populations locales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les administrateurs du CNCR&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-1387880376876686502?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/1387880376876686502/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=1387880376876686502' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/1387880376876686502'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/1387880376876686502'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/10/communique-du-cncr-propos-des.html' title='Communiqué du CNCR à propos des événements à Fanaye'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-8310593127576331690</id><published>2011-10-24T12:11:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-28T15:27:49.621+02:00</updated><title type='text'>La Via Campesina au CSA: "Nous ne pouvons plus attendre"</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;Contribution de Ibrahim Coulibaly sur la Volatilité des Prix     Agricoles- CSA - 19 octobre 2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;Il y a près de quarante ans quand j’étais tout petit on ne       parlait pas de volatilité. Je me rappelle encore que notre       gouvernement donnait des charrues, des bœufs de labour, de       l’engrais à crédit à nos parents. A l’époque il y avait un service       public l’OPAM qui achetait les produits alimentaires aux familles       paysannes à des prix connus d’avance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il y a environ trente ans j’étais au collège on nous a dit que       c’était mieux de produire pour les marchés extérieurs et nous       avons commencé à entendre dans le discours de nos hommes       politiques un terme « DETERIORATION DES TERMES DE L’ECHANGE » une       véritable complainte à l’époque mais qui n’a eu d’écho nulle part.       De quoi s’agissait-il ? En vérité les prix des produits agricoles       d’exportation s’effondraient sur le marché international. Les       gouvernements d’alors avaient certes commis l’erreur fatale de       pousser les paysans à produire plus de produits d’exportation mais       quand cela a mal tourné seuls les paysans ont payé le lourd tribu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;L’effondrement de nos économies et l’endettement public dans les       années 1980 a amené la BM et le FMI à mettre nos pays sous       ajustement structurel.&lt;br /&gt;On nous a dit alors que l’Etat était inefficace et que nous       devions donner plus de place au privé. En même temps nos Etats       étaient obligés de s’endetter encore plus pour rétablir les       équilibres macro économiques. On nous a dit qu’il fallait couper       tout soutien à l’agriculture paysanne qualifiée de       non-performante, une véritable campagne de démolition contre cette       agriculture a alors été engagée par la BM et ses alliés.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On nous a dit de produire encore plus de produits de rentes pour       l’exportation, comme le coton, café, arachides à des prix très bas       fixés à l’extérieur. Avec ces devises on nous a dit d’acheter du       riz d’Asie ou de la farine et du lait en poudre d’Europe, qui       aujourd’hui sont devenus si volatiles. La descente aux enfers       avait commencé pour les familles paysannes et pour nos Etats       surendettés et incapables de payer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Puis on nous a dit de devenir compétitifs selon les critères des       institutions financières internationales, et que nos Etats       n'étaient plus autorisés de nous protéger. Tous nos tarifs       douaniers ont été démantelés et nos marchés ont été libéralisés,       des produits alimentaires venus d’ailleurs ont commencé à se       déverser à bas prix sur nos marchés nous rendant encore plus       vulnérables à la volatilité des prix. Les habitudes alimentaires       ont changé dans les villes; les productions vivrières des familles       paysannes ne pouvaient plus se vendre. Ce phénomène a été aggravé       en Afrique de l’Ouest par l’avènement de l’UEMOA (Union économique       et monétaire de l’Afrique de l’Ouest) et son Tarif Extérieur       Commun connu pour être le tarif douanier le plus faible dans le       monde.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mais aucune de ces « solutions » qui nous ont été imposées ne       nous ont sortis de la pauvreté. Pire encore, on est devenus encore       plus vulnérables. C’est dans un tel contexte que l’on demande à       l’agriculture familiale d’être performante.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aujourd’hui on doit subir de nouveaux enjeux qui nous tombent du       ciel. Le changement climatique, la spéculation financière, les       marchés internationaux imprévisibles, de nouvelles politiques de       pays développés qui nous accaparent nos terres pour faire des       carburants.&lt;br /&gt;Mais par rapport a cela on ne nous dit plus rien. Pourtant ceci       est au cœur de la volatilité dont on parle maintenant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Plutôt que de répondre aux causes de notre pauvreté et de la       volatilité on a vu de véritables catalogues de projets et       programmes financés au nom du secteur rural. Des milliards de       dollars sont mobilisés chaque année mais la réalité est que plus       de la moitié des familles paysannes dans la plupart de nos pays ne       peuvent pas accéder à 1000 dollars pour se payer une charrue, une       paire de bœufs, une charrette, un âne ( étude de la FAO sur la       mécanisation agricole au Mali).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le haut panel d’experts devrait être mandaté pour faire une étude       sur l’efficacité de qui est mobilisé au nom des pauvres (quand       plusieurs centaines de millions de dollars sont mobilisés, combien       arrivent dans les champs des pauvres, aux femmes dont on parle       tant ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vous serez étonnés des résultats d’une telle étude. Ou peut être       pas du tout, parce que depuis le temps qu’on mobilise tous ces       millions en notre nom, nous serions tous riches déjà.&lt;br /&gt;Malgré tout cela, sans aides d’aucune forme, sans aucune       protection et avec tous les puissants du monde contre elle,       l’agriculture paysanne n’a pas disparu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malheureusement il a fallu la crise actuelle pour que nos       gouvernements reprennent conscience de la nécessité de la sécurité       alimentaire sur base de la production alimentaire au niveau       national. Cependant les solutions durables se font attendre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour solutionner ce problème de volatilité de prix nous paysans,       avec l’appui des autres acteurs de la société civile, pensons       qu’il est nécessaire de ;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;← Donner la priorité à nos marchés locaux, à l intégration       régionale, plutôt que de laisser nos prix se faire dicter par ces       marchés internationaux lointains et imprévisibles. C’est la seule       solution pour que nous, paysans, puissions nous nourrir ainsi que       nos communautés et nos villes.&lt;br /&gt;← Il faut arrêter toutes les formes de compétition entre des       agricultures et des modes de productions ayant de très grands       écart de productivité (la houe contre le tracteur plus la       subvention cela passe difficilement). On n’a pas de droit de nous       dire qu’on mangera quand on sera compétitif.&lt;br /&gt;← Il faut arrêter ces politiques qui viennent déstabiliser nos       agricultures paysannes. Quand il y a surproduction nous subissons       le dumping, quand il y a pénurie nous subissons les restrictions       des exportations pour l’alimentation qu’on nous a dit de ne plus       produire.&lt;br /&gt;← Il faut que nos gouvernements aient l’ambition de politiques       qui nous sortent de la pauvrette et de la misère, qu’ils protègent       nos agricultures paysannes des marchés volatiles et nous       soutiennent pour qu’on puisse investir pour nourrir nos       populations.&lt;br /&gt;← On sait comment il faut faire, des instruments existent pour       stabiliser les prix : des tarifs douaniers adaptés, des stocks       stratégiques à différents niveaux, gérer l’offre et la demande,       réguler contre les spéculateurs, … au nom de quel droit l’OMC nous       interdit-il de le faire ?&lt;br /&gt;← Permettre aux paysans, aux femmes, aux groupes vulnérables en       milieu rural d’accéder réellement aux fonds mobilisés en leur nom       pour acheter du matériel agricole, des fertilisants, des semences,       de créer de la valeur sur leurs produits afin qu’ils puissent       commencer à vivre dignement de leur travail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour finir je voudrai inciter chacun d’entre nous de méditer       quand nous allons nous asseoir devant nos plats de victuailles ce       midi, de penser que des humains sont en train de mourir en ce       moment même de faim ou de malnutrition parce que des réunions       coûteuses sont organisés autour de leur sort sans que les actes       qui pourraient les sauver ne soient posés. Nous ne pouvons plus       attendre.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-8310593127576331690?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/8310593127576331690/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=8310593127576331690' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/8310593127576331690'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/8310593127576331690'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/10/la-via-campesina-au-csa-nous-ne-pouvons.html' title='La Via Campesina au CSA: &quot;Nous ne pouvons plus attendre&quot;'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-5385057795597952502</id><published>2011-10-12T10:15:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-12T16:19:35.729+02:00</updated><title type='text'>LPM announces direct actions to reclaim land and social justice</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eGicxVku1FU/TpVMkyscOTI/AAAAAAAAAm0/TZGDYyBQVB4/s1600/P1010052.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eGicxVku1FU/TpVMkyscOTI/AAAAAAAAAm0/TZGDYyBQVB4/s320/P1010052.JPG" border="0" height="240" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="il"&gt;Media&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="il"&gt;release&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;(Johannesburg, 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; September 2011) - TheLandless People´s Movement of South Africa, a social movement of rural people and peopleliving in shack settlements in cities, announces the revival of the massstruggle for land and agrarian reform, after a moment of apparent silence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Themovement announced this intention in a press conference held in Johannesburg onthe 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; September.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;As the situation of rural and urban poor and the state ofland and agrarian reform is not showing significant changes in South Africa,LPM decides to carry out direct and concrete actions in order to reclaim landand social justice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;According to Africa Mthombeni, LPM chairperson, in the lastyears the movement has seen massive poverty both in rural and urban areas, asthe redistribution of wealth and public resource has been made unfairly,benefiting few people in South Africa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;“We will not remain &lt;span lang="EN"&gt;peaceful,silent and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt; hoping that things will fall from the sky. We will have to act. One of the things wewill do, is considering to encourage land occupation”, announces Edwin MohlahloLPM Secretary General, who added “&lt;/span&gt;we can not have new apartheid in SouthAfrica. The land distribution has been characterized by corruption and nepotism.So, the land occupation program might be the answer”.&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;“In my province rural people applied to get land in 2006 butthere is nothing coming from the Government, up to now. They (the Government)just call us to the meetings but we never get support”, said Tandiwe MakinaneLPM member in Easter Cape. &lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Green paper on LandReform is insignificant &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;LPM says that the 2011 green paper on Land Reform does notmake a fundamental break with market-based land reform. It represents abackward step for the landless people in South Africa as it even legitimizesdispossession.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;For example, it talks about Food Sovereignty, withoutdefining it. One of the pillars of Food Sovereignty is that the landless,small-scale farmers are the most important actors in the production and havethe right to definetheir own food, agriculture and livestock systems in opposition to Industrial Agriculture,which is the priority of the South African Government. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Even if it is a good step, the Green Paper intends tointegrate land reform on the Industrial Agriculture system, just to accommodateagribusiness interests.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;LPMcalls all landless, small scale farmers, rural and urban poor for mobilizationon a mass scale to force changes in order to achieve genuine agrarian reform,agro-ecology production and a food system based on the needs of the people. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Climate Change andCOP 17&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;The LandlessPeoples Movement and La Via Campesina are mobilizing for the 17th Conference ofthe Parties (COP 17) of the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC) that will take place in Durban, South Africa, from 28 Novemberto 9 December 2011.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Aspeasants, small holders and family farmers, who today produce the vast majorityof food consumed on this planet, members of the LPM as well as small scalefarmers of the world are being placed in danger, as temperatures rise, plantingdates become unpredictable and there are ever more severe droughts, hurricanesand monsoons. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Yetlandless and peasants also offer the most important, clear andscientifically-proven solutions to climate change through localizedagroecological production of food by small holder farmers under the FoodSovereignty paradigm.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;LPM is a member of the International Movement of Peasant andrural people, La Via Campesina (LVC). The goal of LVC is to bring change in thecountryside, that improves livelihoods enhances local production for localconsumption. It also opens up democratic spaces that empower the people of theland with a great role, position and stake in decision-making on issues thathave an impact on their lives.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-5385057795597952502?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/5385057795597952502'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/5385057795597952502'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/10/lpm-announces-direct-actions-to-reclaim.html' title='LPM announces direct actions to reclaim land and social justice'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eGicxVku1FU/TpVMkyscOTI/AAAAAAAAAm0/TZGDYyBQVB4/s72-c/P1010052.JPG' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-3510982628495199997</id><published>2011-10-12T10:10:00.004+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-12T16:21:04.914+02:00</updated><title type='text'>October: a month of international mobilisation!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="Courier New&amp;quot;; font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:14pt;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Global        days of action mark the month of October, when social movements        around the world take to the streets to protest against a system        based on the oppression of peoples, and particularly of women        and the environment. &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;This journey of        struggle against capitalism, was agreed upon at the Social        Assembly Movements during the 2011 World Social Forum held in        Dakar, Senegal (read the Assembly declaration below). &lt;a href="http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/10/october-month-of-international.html#more"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:orange;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The        choice of October 12th was a symbolic one. This is the date that        marks the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas (in        1492) and one of the dates marking the beginning of the “Modern        Age”, of the rise of capitalist “civilization”. In the Americas,        it is the day of indigenous resistance, in defense of the rights        of nature, on which the cry of the excluded – across the        continent – has been celebrated since the 1990s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Besides        that, this day is right in the middle of a whole series of key        action dates for social movements around the world (for women,        trade unions, farmers, indigenous peoples, against debt, etc.),        running from October 7th to 17th, including:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;7th          October:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; World Day for        Decent Work&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;8th          – 16th October:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; Week of        Action against Debt and International Financial Institutions        (IFIs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;12th          October&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;: Day of action        against capitalism / Global day in defense of Mother Earth / Cry        of the Excluded (Latin America)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;15th          October&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;: International        Day of Rural Women / Anniversary of Thomas Sankara’s murder,        symbol of the African anticolonial struggle / International        actions for real democracy now!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;16th          October:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; World Food        Sovereignty Day&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;17th          October&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;: International        Day for the Eradication of Poverty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;On        this journey, the different movements are invited to link their        existing actions, relating to their own situations and        priorities in national level, to a common framework, in order to        make this international anti-establishment struggle more        concrete and visible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Let's        take advantage of these moments to organize and join in the        actions, combining debate and action! We know that many        organizations are already planning to take part in or organizing        activities and demonstrations within the month of October.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Please        send us your calls to action, news and images to this email:  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:asamblea.assembly@gmail.com" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-US" style="color:windowtext;"&gt;asamblea.assembly@gmail.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; so we can make them visible at the blog:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/anticapitalistjourney" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-US" style="color:windowtext;"&gt;https://sites.google.com/site/&lt;wbr&gt;anticapitalistjourney&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;In solidarity and        struggle !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;CADTM Internacional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;CADTM Network Africa&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"&gt;Cebrapaz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"&gt;COMPA - Convergencia        de movimientos de los pueblos de América&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;CUT – Central Única        de Trabajadores / Brasil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;GGJ – Grassroots        Global Justice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;HSA – Hemispheric        Social Alliance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Jubilee        South/Americas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Via Campesina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;WMW - World March        of Women&lt;br /&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Declaration          of the Social Movements Assembly - WSF 2011, February 10th,          Dakar (Senegal) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;■ ■ ■&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;As the Social        Movements Assembly of the World Social Forum of Dakar, 2011, we        are gathered here to affirm the fundamental contribution of        Africa and its peoples in the construction of human        civilisation. Together, the peoples of all the continents are        struggling mightily to oppose the domination of capital, hidden        behind illusory promises of economic progress and political        stability. Complete decolonization for oppressed peoples remains        for us, the social movements of the world, a challenge of the        greatest importance.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We affirm our support for and our active solidarity with the        people of Tunisia, Egypt and the Arab world who have risen up to        demand a true democracy and build the people´s power. Their        struggles are lighting the path to another world, free from        oppression and exploitation.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We strongly affirm our support for the Ivory Coast, African and        world peoples in their struggles for sovereign and participatory        democracy. We defend the right to self-determination for all        peoples and people’s collective rights.&lt;br /&gt;       Through the WSF process, the Social Movements Assembly is the        place where we come together through our diversity, in order to        forge common struggles and a collective agenda to fight against        capitalism, patriarchy, racism and all forms of discrimination.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We are celebrating the tenth anniversary of the Social Forum,        which was first held in Porto Alegre in 2001. Since that time,        we have built a common history of work which led to some        progress, particularly in Latin America, where we have been able        to intervene in neoliberal alliances and to create several        alternatives for just development that truly honor nature.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       In these ten years, we have also witnessed the eruption of a        systemic crisis that has expanded into a food crisis, an        environmental crisis, and financial and economic crises, and has        led to an increase in migrations and forced displacement,        exploitation, debt levels and social inequities.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We denounce the part played by the main actors in the system        (banks, transnational companies, the mass media, international        institutions, …) who, in their constant quest for maximum        profits, continue with their interventionist politics of war,        military occupation, so-called humanitarian missions, new        military bases, plundering natural resources, exploitation of        entire peoples, and ideological manipulation. We also denounce        their attempts to co-opt our movements through their funding of        social sectors that serve their interests, and we reject their        methods of assistance which  generate dependence.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       Capitalism´s destructive force impacts every aspect of life        itself, for all the peoples of the world. Yet each day we see        new movements rise, struggling to reverse the ravages of        colonialism and to achieve well-being and dignity for all. We        declare that we, the people, will no longer bear the costs of        their crisis and that, within capitalism, there is no escape        from this crisis. This only reaffirms the need for us, as social        movements, to come together to forge a common strategy to guide        our struggles against capitalism.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       *&lt;b&gt;We fight against transnational corporations &lt;/b&gt;because        they support the capitalist system, privatize life, public        services and common goods such as water, air, land, seeds and        mineral resources. Transnational corporations promote wars        through their contracts with private corporations and        mercenaries ; their extractionist practices endanger life and        nature, expropriating our land and developing genetically        modified seeds and food, taking away the peoples’ right to food        and destroying biodiversity.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We demand that all people should enjoy full soverignty in        choosing their way of life. We demand the implementation of        policies to protect local production, to give dignity to        agricultural work and to protect the ancestral values of life.        We denounce neoliberal free-trade treaties and demand freedom of        movement for all the human beings.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We will continue to mobilize to ask for the unconditional        abolition of public debt in all the countries in the South. We        also denounce, in the countries of the North, the use of public        debt to impose to unfair policies that degrade the social        welfare state.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       When the G8 and G20 hold their meetings, let us mobilize across        the world to tell them, No ! We are not commodities! We will not        be traded !&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       &lt;b&gt;*We fight for climate justice and food sovereignty. &lt;/b&gt;Global        climate change is a product of the capitalist system of        production, distribution and consumption. Transnational        corporations, international financial institutions and        governments serving them do not want to reduce greenhouse gases.        We denounce ¨green capitalism ¨ and refuse false solutions to        the climate crisis such as biofuels, genetically modified        organisms and mechanisms of the carbon market like REDD, which        ensnare impoverished peoples with false promises of progress        while privatizing and commodifying the forests and territories        where these peoples have been living for thousands of years.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We defend the food sovereignty and the agreement reached during        the Peoples’ Summit against Climate Change, held in Cochabamba,        where true alternatives to face the climate crisis were built        with the social movements and organisations from worldwide.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       Let’s mobilize, all of us, especially on the African continent,        during the COP 17 in Durban in South Africa and in « Rio +20 »        in 2012, to reassert the peoples’ and nature’s rights and block        the illegitimate Cancun Agreement.&lt;br /&gt;       We support sustainable peasant agriculture ; it is the true        solution to the food and climate crises and  includes access to        land for all who work on it. Because of this, we call for a mass        mobilisation to stop the landgrab and support local peasants        struggles.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       &lt;b&gt;*We fight against violence against women, &lt;/b&gt;often        conducted in militarily occupied territories, but also violence        affecting women who are criminalized for taking part in social        struggles. We fight against domestic and sexual violence        perpetrated on  women because they are considered objects or        goods, because the sovereignty of their bodies and minds is not        acknowledged. We fight against the trade in women, girls and        boys. We call on everyone to mobilize together, everywhere in        the world, against violence against women. We defend sexual        diversity, the right to gender self-determination and we oppose        all homophobia and sexist violence.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       &lt;b&gt;*We fight for peace and against war, colonialism, occupations          and the militarization of our lands. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       The imperialist powers use military bases to trigger conflicts,        control and plunder natural resources, and support        anti-democratic initiatives, as they did with the coup in        Honduras and the military occupation of Haiti. They promote wars        and conflicts as in Afghanistan, Iraq, the Democratic Republic        of the Congo and many others.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We must intensify the fight against repression and the        criminalisation of the people’s struggles and strengthen the        solidarity and initiatives between peoples, such as the Global        Boycott Disinvestment and Sanctions Movement against Israel. Our        struggle also aims at NATO and to ban all nuclear weapons.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       Each of these struggles implies a battle of ideas in which we        cannot progress without democraticizing communication. We affirm        that it is possible to build another kind of globalization, made        from and by the people, and with the essential participation of        the youth, the women, the peasants and indigenous peoples.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       &lt;b&gt;The Assembly of the Social Movements calls the forces and          popular actors from all countries to develop two major          mobilisations, coordinated on the international level, to          participate in the emancipation and selfdetermination of the          people and strengthen the struggle against capitalism. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       Inspired by the struggles of the peoples of Tunisia and Egypt,        we call for &lt;b&gt;March 20th&lt;/b&gt; to be made a day of international        solidarity with the uprisings of the Arab and African people,        whose every advance supports the struggles of all peoples: the        resistance of the Palestinian and Saharian peoples; European,        Asian and African mobilisations against debt and structural        adjusment plans ; and all the processes of change underway in        Latin America.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       We also call for a Global Day of Action Against Capitalism on &lt;b&gt;October          12th&lt;/b&gt;, when we express in myriad ways our rejection of a        system that is destroying everything in its path.&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;       Social movements of the world, let us advance towards a global        unity to shatter the capitalist system!&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;We shall prevail!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color:green;"&gt;La                Via Campesina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:green;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;Via Campesina is an international movement of peasants,          small- and          medium-sized producers, landless, rural women, indigenous          people, rural youth          and agricultural workers. We are an autonomous, pluralist and          multicultural          movement, independent of any political, economic, or other          type of affiliation.          Born in 1993, La Via Campesina now gathers about 150          organisations in 70 countries          in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas.&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-3510982628495199997?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/3510982628495199997'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/3510982628495199997'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/10/october-month-of-international.html' title='October: a month of international mobilisation!'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-5965187562178818815</id><published>2011-10-12T09:47:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-24T15:24:25.162+02:00</updated><title type='text'>La Via Campesina: Call to Durban</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Peasant and indigenous people have thousands of solutions to confront climate change!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;La Via Campesina calls on social movements and all people to mobilize around the world &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;The international peasant's movement La Via Campesina and its South African member the Landless Peoples Movement are mobilizing for the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP 17) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that will take place in Durban, South Africa, from 28 November to 9 December 2011.&lt;a href="http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/10/la-via-campesina-call-to-durban.html#more"&gt;&lt;b style="color: orange;"&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Caravans of African farmers from Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and other countries will reach Durban to join other farmers and social movements from all parts of the world to demand climate justice.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;African women farmers, members of La Via Campesina, will participate in the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Southern Africa &lt;b&gt;Rural Women Assembly,&lt;/b&gt; from November 30 to December 2, in Durban (co-organized by la Via Campesina Africa 1, TCOE, Women on Farms Project, Lamosa, ESAFF, UNAC, Namibian National Farmers Union, among others).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Via Campesina will also take part in the &lt;b&gt;Global Day of Action on December 3,&lt;/b&gt; with thousands of other activists to demand climate justice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;La Via Campesina and other African food and farmers groups in Africa are also inviting all movements, allies and activists to a special Mobilization Day for Agroecology and Food sovereignty on December 5 in Durban and around the world. (co-organised by &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"&gt;ESAFF regional, ESAFF Uganda, ESAFF Zimbabwe, ROPPA, TCOE, Surplus People Project, etc.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Climate negotiations are turned into a market place.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;At COP 16 in Cancun, Mexico, most of the world’s governments, with the notable exception of Bolivia, met not to seriously address climate, but rather do business with transnational corporations that traffic in false solutions to climate change like REDD and other carbon market mechanisms, agrofuels and GMOs. They have turned the climate negotiations into a huge market place. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Our governments accepted a “business as usual” framework that condemns Africa and South Asia to virtual incineration, in which the very first victims are the farmers of these two continents, as rising temperatures create an even more hostile environment for crops, livestock and human beings. Most governments ignored the Cochabamba Principles, which provide a clear framework for seriously addressing global warming and protecting the Earth.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Under the UNFCCC, Developed Countries and polluting corporations, historically responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions, are allowed all possible tricks to avoid reducing their own emissions. For example, the carbon market and carbon offset mechanisms allow countries and companies to continue polluting and consuming as usual, while paying small amounts of money to help poor people in developing countries reduce their emissions. What actually occurs is that companies profit doubly: by continuing to contaminate and by selling false solutions. Meanwhile, under REDD, poor people are stripped of many of their multiple rights to use communal forest lands, even as new land-grabbers emerge to consolidate large tracts by evicting farmers in order to traffic in carbon credits.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;We know that the keys sources of climate-altering emissions are the globalized corporate food system based on industrial agriculture for export and for agrofuels, a transportation system based on private automobiles instead of public transport, and the polluting industries of transnational corporations. Without real and enforceable commitments to transform this, , there is no hope to prevent the virtual incineration of our farm lands and ability to feed the world.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;We are peasants, small holders and family farmers, who today produce the vast majority of food consumed on this planet. We, and the food we produce, are being placed in danger, as temperatures rise, planting dates become unpredictable and there are ever more severe droughts, hurricanes and monsoons. Yet we also offer the most important, clear and scientifically-proven solutions to climate change through localized agroecological production of food by small holder farmers under the Food Sovereignty paradigm.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The global food system currently generates at least 44% of all greenhouse gas emissions, through long-distance transport of food that could easily have been grown locally, by excessive use of petroleum and petroleum-based agrochemical inputs, by monoculture, and by forest clearing for the industrial plantations we call “green deserts.”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;We can drastically reduce or even eliminate these emissions by transforming the food system based on food sovereignty, i.e. producing locally for local consumption, a diverse production based on peasant families and communities, with sustainable practices&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Agroecology is Not for Sale!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;We reject any attempt to extend the carbon market and offset mechanisms of REDD to soil carbon, even when this comes dressed up by the World Bank as support for small farmer agroecology or “Climate Smart Agriculture,” because:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Just as in the case of REDD for forests, the carbon in      our soil will essentially become the property of polluting corporations in      the North. This amounts to the sale      and privatization of our carbon. “Our Carbon in Not for Sale”!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;The voluntary soil carbon market will be just another      space for financial speculation, and while farmers receive pennies,      speculators will make any real profits.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;This is just another way for polluting industries and      countries to evade real reductions in emissions.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;It is also a way to divert attention from the massive      carbon emissions produced by industrial farming and agribusiness,      especially in the North, and place the burden of reducing emissions on      peasants in the South, while nothing is done about carbon emissions from      industrial agriculture.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;If we as farmers sign a soil carbon agreement we lose      autonomy and control over our farming systems. Some bureaucrat on the other side of the      world, who knows nothing about our soil, rainfall, slope, local food      systems, family economy, etc., will decide what practices we should use or      not use. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Agroecology provides a wealth of benefits to the      environment and farmer livelihoods, but by reducing the value of      agroecology practices to the value of the carbon sequestered, not only are      these other benefits devalued, but it can create perverse incentives to      alter the agroecological practices (and opens the door to technologies      like GMOs) to only maximize carbon rather than provide all the other      benefits of agroecology.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt; It is inseparable from the neoliberal trend to      convert absolutely everything (land, air, biodiversity, culture, genes,      carbon, etc.) into &lt;i&gt;capital&lt;/i&gt;,      which in turn can be placed in some kind of speculative market.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;If the currently low value of soil carbon were to rise      on the speculative market, this could generate new land grabbing to charge      soil carbon credits, as land consolidation is a prerequisite for making      soil carbon credits profitable.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;How peasant's agriculture &lt;i&gt;Should&lt;/i&gt; be Supported by Public Policy&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Support farmer-to-farmer training programs      administered by farmer organizations&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Support the agroecology training schools of farmer      organizations&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;End all open and hidden subsidies to industrial      farming&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Ban GMOs and dangerous farm chemicals&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Offer production credit to small farmers who produce      agroecologically&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Direct government food procurement for hospitals,      schools, etc., toward buying ecological food at fair prices from peasant      farmers&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Support ecological farmer’s markets for direct sale to      consumers&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Transform agronomy curricula to emphasize agroecology      and farmer-to-farmer methodology&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Create fair price incentives for locally produced      ecological food&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Etc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Commitments of La Via Campesina&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;While we make many legitimate and urgent demands on our governments to seriously address climate change, we pledge to continue to build agroecology and Food Sovereignty from below.  We pledge to take the following practical steps:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;We continue to strengthen the movement of agroecology      in the grassroots level to adapt to changing climate patterns. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;We will work to “keep carbon in the ground and in      trees” in the areas under our control, by promoting agroforestry,      tree planting, agroecology, energy conservation, and by fighting land      grabs for mining and industrial plantations.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;We will engage and pressure governments at all      levels to adopt food sovereignty as      the solution to the climate change.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;We will fight the inclusion of peasant      agriculture in carbon financing      mechanisms. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;We will continue our struggle for agrarian reform to      distribute land to family farmers and to oppose all forms of land      grabbing. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;We will build a powerful smallholder farmer and      peasant voice to be present with other sectors of civil society at COP-17      in Durban, and at Rio +20 in Brazil, with the message that we oppose false      solutions to climate change and demand the adoption of the Cochabamba      Principles. We will insist on Small Holder Sustainable Agriculture      and Food Sovereignty as the most important true solutions to climate      change.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;No to Climate Land Grabbing!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Our Carbon is Not for Sale!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Peasant agriculture is Not for Sale!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Agroecological Production by Small Farmers Cools the Planet!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Globalize the Struggle!  Globalize Hope!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-5965187562178818815?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/5965187562178818815'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/5965187562178818815'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/10/la-via-campesina-call-to-durban.html' title='La Via Campesina: Call to Durban'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-427246558118957402</id><published>2011-05-16T16:29:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-05-16T16:32:22.094+02:00</updated><title type='text'>17 April - actions around the world</title><content type='html'>http://www.viacampesina.org/map/17april/map.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-427246558118957402?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.viacampesina.org/map/17april/map.html' title='17 April - actions around the world'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/427246558118957402/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=427246558118957402' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/427246558118957402'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/427246558118957402'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2011/05/17-april-actions-around-world.html' title='17 April - actions around the world'/><author><name>Boaventura MONJANE</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-4985420600472674152</id><published>2010-10-18T12:56:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-24T16:43:16.540+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Relatorio da troca de experiencia entre a UNAC de Moçambique e a MVIWATA da Tanzania</title><content type='html'>Com objectivos de: &lt;br /&gt; Melhorar o conhecimento mutuo entre organizacoes Africanas membros da via campesina;&lt;br /&gt; Troca de conhecimentos e experiencia  nas diferesntes areas  ( Organizacao de camponeses, producao, comercializacao, educacao\formacao, participacao na elaboracao de politicas publicas, incidencia politica;&lt;br /&gt; Definir estrategias de accoes comum para lutar contra a politica neoliberal e para a recuperacao da soberania alimentar nos respectivos paises&lt;br /&gt; Ter uma base de conhecimentos politicos, economicos e sociais, assim como ter conhecimento dos direitos dos camponeses para sua propria disseminacao e multiplicacao destes conhecimentos com maioria dos camponeses que são base social do movimento&lt;br /&gt; Topicos relacionados com a producao de alimentos e comercializao, politicas no acesso e aproveitamento de terra, agua, e outros recursos naturais, producao de biocombustiveis, EPAS, integracao regional, nova revolucao verde, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Foi com base nestes proosios que uma equipa composta pelos senhores Renaldo Chingore Joao- Presididente da UNAC, Rita Joao Resuane- membro do conselho fiscal da UNAC e membro da Uniao Provincial de Camponeses de Niassa, , Assane Juanga- Coordenador na Uniao Provincial de Camponeses de Cabo Delgado e Flaida Jose Macheze- Trabalhadora na Sede da UNAC, se deslocou para Tnazania Junto da MVIWATA- Orgnanizacao de Camponeses de Tanzania.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Primeiro dia &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.Conhecimento sobre MVIWATA &lt;br /&gt;Nascimento&lt;br /&gt;Areas tematicas &lt;br /&gt;Assuntos tansversais &lt;br /&gt;Principais actividades &lt;br /&gt;Membros (Categoias e numero) &lt;br /&gt;Colaboradores &lt;br /&gt;Varios projectos de apoio aos camponeses &lt;br /&gt;Zonas de intervencao &lt;br /&gt;Avancos &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.Visitas do Campo 1º dia &lt;br /&gt;2.1. Visita ao mercado rural em Nyandira- Morogoro. &lt;br /&gt;2.2. Visita a Cooperativa Twaosse (Estamos Juntos)- processamento de leite&lt;br /&gt;2.3. Visita a Cooperativa de Micro Financas  &lt;br /&gt;2.4. Visita a Mae Grace Mukwidu- processadora de plantas tradicional &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conhecimento sobre MVIWATA &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nascimento&lt;br /&gt;A MVIWATA- e um movimento nacional  de camponeses de tanzania que nasce em 1993 e foi legalmente reconhecida em 1995, congrega 75,000 membros- redes de organizacoes de camponeses, 5,000 grupos. Trabalha em 24 regioes (provincias) das 26 existentes e 350 postos administrativos, não trabalham em duas regioes sendo a de  Dar- salam e Arucha por serem zonas mineiras e comerciais respectivamente. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sendo a universidade agricola sediada em Morogoro a qual promovia seminarios de interesse dos camponesesque levou a criaçao da Organizaçao de camponeses de Tanzania, e estes sentiram a necessidade de a sede ser instalada em Morogora para estar perto da Universidade  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MVIWATA nasce com objectivo de representar os camponeses frente dos legisladores  e facilitar intercambios e trocas de experiencias entre os camponeses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Areas tematicas &lt;br /&gt;MVIWATA tabalha nas seguintes areas tematicas:&lt;br /&gt;a) Lobys e advocacia &lt;br /&gt;b) Financas Rurais &lt;br /&gt;c) Comercialiacao &lt;br /&gt;d) Desenvolvimento de estrutura da Base &lt;br /&gt;e) Fortalecimento de grupos de camponeses &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tambem  esta involvida em assuntos transversais como:&lt;br /&gt;a) HIV\SIDA&lt;br /&gt;b) Genero &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Principais actividades &lt;br /&gt;A MVIWATA para alcançar os seus objectivos, desenvolve as seguintes actividades de apoio aos seus membros. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Formacao e capacitacao para os seus membros &lt;br /&gt; Apoio a organizacao dos camponees em grupos &lt;br /&gt; Edicao e divulgacao de informacoes de camponeses atraves do boletim informativo produzido de quatro em quadro meses.&lt;br /&gt; Divulgacao de informacoes de interesse dos camponeses via radio (uma vez por semana) &lt;br /&gt; Realizacao de encontro anual de prestacao de contas e planificacao anual &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Membros (Categoias )&lt;br /&gt;A MVIWATA tem tres categorias de membros&lt;br /&gt;1ª – Constitui membros da MVIWATA grupos de camponeses e individuos &lt;br /&gt;2ª- Qualquer grupo que da apoio aos camponeses &lt;br /&gt;3ª – Qualquer individuo ou associacao que gosta da inicativa e apoia em iniciativas e  ideias dos camponeses &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Colaboradores &lt;br /&gt;A MVIWATA trabalha com varios  parceria com:&lt;br /&gt; Governo da Republica Unida da Tanzania &lt;br /&gt; Governo de Zanzibar&lt;br /&gt; ONGs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Varios projectos de apoio aos camponeses &lt;br /&gt;A MVIWATA, para alcançar os seios anseios desenhou varios projectos que beneficiam aos camponeses, os seguintes&lt;br /&gt; Comercializacao dos produtos agricolas (construcao de mercados rurais)&lt;br /&gt; Creditos e Micro Financas rurais em Morogoro, Dodoma e Klimadjaro &lt;br /&gt; Fortalecimento de grupos de Camponeses (planificacao de projectos,  as boas praticas de agricultura e trabalho em rede - network)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Avancos &lt;br /&gt;A MVIWATA durante o periodo registou avanços significativos nas areas de : &lt;br /&gt; Comercializacao de produtos agricolas atraves dos mercados agricolas &lt;br /&gt; Subida significativa de regioes de intervencao de 6 em 1995 para 24 no presente ano&lt;br /&gt; Formacao de Lideres  em Lobby e advocacia &lt;br /&gt; Credito e Micro financas &lt;br /&gt; Promotores camponeses em advocacia &lt;br /&gt;-  Participacao na elaboracao de politica do estado&lt;br /&gt;-  EPAs&lt;br /&gt;-  Aquisicao de insumos agricolas &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depois de minimo conhecimento sobre a organizacao seguiu uma deslocaçao ao campo onde tivemos a oportunidade de visitar e conversar com o mercado rural, de Nyandira,  Cooperativa Twaosse (Estamos Juntos), Cooperativa de Creditos e micro Financas a Mae Grace Mukwidu- produtora e processadora de plantas medicinais, disso recolhemos as seguintes experiencias: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.1. Visita ao mercado rural em ….. &lt;br /&gt;O mercado rural é o local onde os camponeses vendem os seus produtos durante toda semana a retalho e nas  2ª e 5ª feiras a grosso  a  varios comerciantes previamente contactados atraves do Conselho do mercado que negocia os precos compensativos para os camponeses e cria a coordenacao cada vez forte entre os camponees e compradores, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em termos de estrutura de funcionamento o mercado conta com um conselho de mercado composto por um presidente, 1 v.presidente, 1 seguranca, 1 de saude e 1 financeiro. Os tres ultimos fazem parte de sub conselhos de mercado onde cada um e composto por 1 presidente, 1 vice preidente, um secretario e um membro simples. Estes trabalham diariamente atraves de escala de trabalho, supervisionado por um membro de conselho de mercado por cada dia. Qualquer situacao que queiram alguma intervencao do conselho de mercado, este e contacto oportunamente para sua intervancao. O mercado e foi construido no ambito do projecto de Mviwata, para facilitar aos membros o acesso ao mercado e com  precos compativeis. O mercado e gerido pela comudade, atraves do seu conselho de mercado. As taxas de pagamento no mercado e  subdividido para o governo e o conselho de Mercado. O fundo para o governo e destinado para reforco do fundo do governo para o desevovimento do distrito e que fica com os membros e para manutancao do mercado e pagamento do pessoal que trabalha a tempo inteiro. Em relacao aos membros do conselho do mercado estes recebem o subsidio de participacao.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As informacoes sobre os precos da semana são divulgados atraves de um quadro informativo fixado no recinto do mercado e atraves de divulgacao radio fonico, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O conselho de Mercado e membros da Mviwata e não pagam nenhuma contribuicao a esta, mas sim recebem apoios tecnicos da organizacao. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2. Visita a Cooperativa Twaosse (Estamos Juntos)&lt;br /&gt;Esta Cooperativa e composta por 62 membro dentre 28 mulheres, e estruturado por 1 presidente, 1 vice predidente, um tesoureiro e 1 secretario, todos remunerados com os rendimentos das suas  actividade. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actividade e Funcionamento. &lt;br /&gt;A cooperativa trabalha na producao de yogurte de leite de Ovelha. Os membros fornecem o leite que e posto em inspensao, e e pago apois o processamento e venda do yogurte a preco estipulado de leite. Na venda do Yogurte a cooperativa ganha duas vezes mais o valor do leite, e a diferenca e depositada nos cofres da cooperativa que no fim de cada ano, se encontram para o balanco e distribuicao dos beneficios. A distribuicao e mediante o fornecimento de leite efectuado por cada membro durante o ano. Não so servem do mesmo valor para remunerar os membro que trabalham a tempo inteiro. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A producao dos yogurtes e acompanhada de dias de feiras do mercado para permitir a saida imediata dos produtos. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para ser membro da cooperativa basta manifestar o ineresse, acompanhado de pagamento de Joia no montante de 12,000$h e uma quota única pagavel num ano de 55,000$h  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A cooperativa não e membro da Mviwita, mas recebem apoios tecnicos da organizacao.  Individualmente pode ser membro da MVIWATA mediante o pagamento de cartao renovavel anualmente. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.3. Visita a Cooperativa de Creditos e Micro financas (TCHENZEMA SACCOS)&lt;br /&gt;A cooperativa de credito nasce em 1997 e inicialmente tinha 22 membros  e actualmente conta com 242 membros dentre 100 mulheres e restantes homens distribuidos em 23 grupos. A cooperativa nasce por inciativas e financiamnto dos proprios membros atraves de contribuicoes das suas reservas anuais. A cooprativa e estruturada por 1 presidente, 1 vce preidente, 1 secretario-supervsor, um membo simples e um assistente. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Cooperativa financia as seguintes areas:&lt;br /&gt;Actividades  Montante maximo ($h) Taxa de juro  Periodos de amortizacao&lt;br /&gt;Comercio 3,000,000  5% mensal anual&lt;br /&gt;Agricultura 500,000  15% na totalidade 6 meses&lt;br /&gt;Insumos agricolas 1,000,000  3% por mês  6 meses a 1 ano&lt;br /&gt;Constucoes  1,500,000  15% no fim do ano 1 ano&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não so, a cooperativa financia compra de carros&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Categoria dos membros e acesso a credito&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;contribuicao ($h) Beneficios &lt;br /&gt;Membro na totalidade 50,000 pago em 5 prestacoes  Ate os montantes maximos da tabela acima&lt;br /&gt;Membro não na totalidade 10,000 De 1,000-50,000&lt;br /&gt;20,000 De 80,000-100,000&lt;br /&gt;30,000 De 100,000-250,000&lt;br /&gt;40,000 De 150,000-200,000&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para ser membro da cooperativa,  &lt;br /&gt;• Ser igual ou maior a 18 anos &lt;br /&gt;• Carte da pedido de adesao com testemunha de 2 membros activos da cooperativa&lt;br /&gt;• Pagamento da joia no montante de 5,000 $h&lt;br /&gt;Para o acesso a credito não basta as contibuicoes acima, devem reunir igualmente garantias fixas como casa ou machamba. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A cooperativa não e membro da Mviwita, mas recebem apoios tecnicos da organizacao.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esta e membro da Associacao denominada MOMFISECO onde pagaram 50,000 $h de Joia e 1.000,000 de quotas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.4. Visita a Mae Grace Mukwidu- produtora e processadora de plantas medicinais&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Mae Grace faz parte de um grupo de 7 membros dentre 6 Mulheres que produzem processam as plantas medicinais de combate as varias doencas que ataca as culturas. Esta pratica e resultado de treinamente que se beneficiaram em 1996 atraves de INADEC,. A Grace individulamente  e membro da Mviwata desde 1996. ela direitamente ou indireitamente participa nos grandes encontros de tomada de decisoes da Mviwata atraves da sua rede da zona denominada UZE-ULOLE que significa em Suahili VENHAM VER. Ela produz uma parte de plantas e outras recorre a mata mais proxima. Ela aponta ser vantajosa a utilizacao de produtos organicos por serem saudaveis, baratas e o produto no mercado oferece bons precos.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em termos de recepcao da iniciativa pela comunidade, ainda e dificil alegam ser tecnicas de pessoas sem recursos. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como membro da Mviwata, a Grace tem se beneficiado de treimantos organizados pela organizacao, paticipacao na feira de produtos que se sealiza anualmente em Julho e Agosto 7, 7 (Saba-saba) e 8, 8 respectivamente . &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ela paga sua quota de 1,000$h&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terminou assim os trabalhos do primeiro dia quanto eram 17 horas &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2º Dia de trabalho &lt;br /&gt;O dia arancou com um ataso inorme por questoes logisticas por lado da Mviwata, mas contudo houve uma deslocacao a Dodoma mais concretamente no posto administrativo de , onde kibaigwa, foi possivel visitar  o mecado agricola, o sistema de controlo e fucionamento de sistema de informacao de precos de produtos agricolas dos camponeses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na visita foi possivel recolher as seguntes experiencias &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) Breve historial do mercado &lt;br /&gt;A ideia  nasce em 1996 atraves de grupo praticante da arte Olaria, que procuravam um espaco livre para a comercializacao dos seus produtos, onde em Dezembro 2002 descobre o local e seguidamente aparecer a oportunidade de um projecto de apoio as comunidades em questoes de comercializacao implementado pela  Mviwata atraves de construcao do mercado agricola que em 2004 no mês de Junho deu o seu termino e entra imediatamente em funcionamento. O mercado e propriedade do estado mas funciona sub controlo de um Comite do Mercado composto por um Presidente, 1 Vice Presidente,  um secretario, um fiscal e um  carregador  , destes 2 são da parte do Governo, 2 membros da Mviwata e um do lado dos comerciantes,  com responsabilidades de gerenciar o mercado, garantir a ampliacao do mercado, negociacao de precos juto dos comerciantes, entre outros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O Comite contam  com auxilio de uma equipa executiva composta por um Gestor, um assistente de Gestao  e outros membros do staff  ligado aos assuntos e precos, processamento de produtos agricolas e sistematizacao dos  dados, estes remunerados com os fundos das receitas diarias..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O comite reune - se trimestralmente para avaliar o desenvolvimento das actividades  e discutir aplicaçao dos lucros acumulados &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O mercado esta sub dividido em departamento de comercializacao, fiscalizacao e financas  dirigidos pelos oficiais, ajudantes e secretario. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O mercado e de propriedade do estado mas a gestao esta centrada no conselho de mercado e o estado apenas se interessa pela sua parte das receitas  que são arrecadadas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b) Pricipais produtos do mecado &lt;br /&gt;No mercado são vendidos varios produtos provenientes de varias regioes como pode se ver:  &lt;br /&gt;Produtos  Proveniencia  dos produtos (regioes ) Proveniencias dos potenciais compradores  Observacoes &lt;br /&gt;Milho  Manhara&lt;br /&gt; Dodoma&lt;br /&gt; Tanga&lt;br /&gt; Morogoro &lt;br /&gt; Iringa  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Kilimanjaro&lt;br /&gt; Muanza&lt;br /&gt; Morogoro&lt;br /&gt; Puane &lt;br /&gt; Tanga Produzido  em grande escala &lt;br /&gt;Amendoim&lt;br /&gt;Feijao &lt;br /&gt;Girassol   Manhara&lt;br /&gt; Dodoma  Produzidos em pequena escala&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c) Sustentabilidade do mercado &lt;br /&gt;Para a sustentabilidade do mercado, estipulou se taxas que garante o funcionamento e ampliacao do mercado. Vejamos: &lt;br /&gt;Distibicao da receita&lt;br /&gt;Receitas para o estado  Receitas para o sustento do mercado&lt;br /&gt;Descontos efectuados aos camponeses    2,5$h por Kg  100%  &lt;br /&gt;Descontos efectuados aos comerciantes da quantidade que e levada para outros cantos  2,5$h por Kg 70% 30%&lt;br /&gt;NB. Há um sistema de controlo de vendas. Nenhum produtor pode vender o seu produto sem que passe da balanca. E e mediante estes dados que são deduzidos os descontos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d) Beneficios do mercado para os usuarios &lt;br /&gt;Os membros apontaram como vantagens para os usuarios do mercado: &lt;br /&gt; Por ser mais seguro  &lt;br /&gt; O sistema de balanca e verdadeiro &lt;br /&gt; A taxa de pagamento e menor do que se paga nos outros mercados de 7,5 $h&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e) Funcionamento do sistema de circulacao de informacoes do mercado &lt;br /&gt;As informacoes dos precos são diarias atraves de uma base previamente negociado entre o Governo, Conselho de Mercado  e representantes dos camponeses. O Staff diariamete fornece telefonicamente os precos as comunidades att do onselho distrital,  atraves de coordenacao executiva da base que espalha aos produtores, certo dos precos os camponeses  evacuam os produtos ao mercado. Tem se registado problemas de transporte, acontecendo assim esperam o dia seguinte com nova tabela de precos.  Os precos flutuam mediante a procura dos podutos. Não apontaram problemas de alocacao ds produtos. Atraves do sistema de comercalizacao ora em implementacao resolver a situacao do mercado. (experiencias dquiridas atraves de conselho distrital da vila de Ngomai)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No  conselho de Mercado 2 membros fazem parte de MVIWATA e pagam suas quotas de   1,000 $h &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Liçoes aprendidas &lt;br /&gt; Concordancia de preços entre os produtores &lt;br /&gt; Construcao de mercados rurais (Celeiros comunitarios)&lt;br /&gt; Criaçao de fundos para a manutençao do mercado  e pagato do pessoal &lt;br /&gt; Informaçoes do mercado com envolvimento do estado nas decisoes sobre os pecos&lt;br /&gt; Constiuiçao de comites mistos (Camponeses e Governo) permite uma interacao entre as partes &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3º Dia de trabaho &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Foi a continuacao de mutuo conhecimento entre as duas organizacoes, a MVIWATA deu continuidade ao fornecimento de informacoes da sua organizacao, experiencia de Paticipacao das duas organizacoes na via Campesina, experiencias sobre formacao e educacao, participacao na elaboracao de politicas publicas, acesso a terra, producao, EPAS e participacao de Mulheres e Jovens na vida do movimento. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em relacao a UNAC&lt;br /&gt;A Equipa deu o histoial de nascimento da UNAC, seus  objectivos, atreas temativas e transversais,  Principais actividades,  Membros (Categoias e numero de membros), Colaboradores  e os  Avancos, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seguidamente foi posta  as vantagens de participacao das duas organizacoes   na via campesina onde foram mesinaonadas: &lt;br /&gt; Oportunidade de trocas de experiencias entre camponeses de todas regioes membros da via campesina &lt;br /&gt; Aarticipacao em varias lutas comum (reformas agrarias,, consolidacao da soberania alimentar, direito dos camponeses, mudancas climaticas, valorizacao de agricultura ecologica, combate a semente geneticamente modificadas, combate a producao de monocultuas, lutas sobre os desniveis entre os pobres e ricos, EPAs entre outros) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para alem das vantagens falou da estruturascao da via campesina por regioes, Conselho Cordenador Internacional, Secretariado Operativo internacional.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em relacao as experiencias sobre formacao e educacao,&lt;br /&gt;Quer a UNAC assim como a Mviwata, estao preocupados com a formacao dos camponeses para o aumento e capacidades dos seus membros atraves de formacoes regulares, promocao de intercambios entre o camponeses, formacao de promotores, formadores, edicao de boletins entre outros. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Participacao na elaboracao de politicas publicas,&lt;br /&gt;Quer a UNAC assim como Mviwata, promovem lobys e advocacia para influencias com suas ideias na elaboracao  de politicas, mas os resultados não são encorajadores na medida que os governantes não poe em consideracao algumas opinioes dos camponeses ( deu se exemplo em ambos paises a questao de EPAS, revolucao verde e de sementes geneticamente modificadas) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acesso a terra, producao, &lt;br /&gt;Em relacao a terra, a situacao de tanzania assemelha a de Mocambique, as leis dos dois paises visualiza vantagens para os camponeses, mais na implementacao, há sempre problemas entre os pequenos e medios  produtores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Participacao de Mulheres e Jovens na vida do movimento&lt;br /&gt;Quer tanzania assim como Mozambique, a situacao de paricipacao de Mulheres e jovens constitue uma preocupacao. Para Mozambique os dados estatistico mostra que o maior numero de membros são mulheres mas a preocucao e de ocupacao de postos de lideranca e a sua participacao activa na tomada de decisoes. Para os jovens assim como mulheres a UNAC partilhou com tanzanias das accoes concretas que motiva a paricipacao deses na vida do movimnto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para tanzania não constituia preocucao de participacao de mulheres, mas actualmente e uma grande perocupacao. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4º dia &lt;br /&gt;No quarto dia a brigada se escalou em Zanzibar, onde foram recebidos pelos governantes da Agricultura, que falaram do seu trabalho de pesquisa de agricultura, das accoes conjuntas entre o governo e Mviwata sobre tudo na promocao e trocas de experiencias e formacoes em novas tecnicas agricolas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seguidamente visitou se o mercado agricola de Zanzibar, uma inciativa dos camponeses de cambio de produtos agricolas com o continente. Estes cabiam os temperos produzidos em Zanzibar com os produzidos no continente. Actividade que se encontra na fase experiemntar mas que indicios de resultados encorajadores. Atraves de accoes de lobys os camponeses conseguiram junto do municipio um espaco (mercado) para a venda dos seus produtos. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visita a uma iniciativa de producao de plantas fruteiras e medicinais &lt;br /&gt;Em Zanzibar, visitamos uma iniciativa de um produtor de nome Fumo Ali Jaro. E um campones por suas iniciativas produz frutas tropicais, temperos e arvores medicinais. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A iniciativa nasce em 2000 com objectivos de  alimentar a sua familia,   treinar outros camponeses na producao destas culturas e servir de campo de demonstracoes para os estudantes da universidade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O produtor apontou varias vantagens na sua producao na medida que  e muito visitado pelos turistas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ele produz &lt;br /&gt;Especie  utilidade&lt;br /&gt;Cacau Tempero &lt;br /&gt;Libertar as mulheres para ser mais activa\abertas   &lt;br /&gt;Gengibre e papaia  Emolecer a Carne &lt;br /&gt;Tosse &lt;br /&gt;Vomito na viagem&lt;br /&gt;Tchumerick\majano Trata a vista &lt;br /&gt;Limpa brubulhas na cara&lt;br /&gt;Vanila  Poe se no leite &lt;br /&gt;Cadamon  Solusso&lt;br /&gt;Crianca que chora anoite &lt;br /&gt;Mata cheiro de bebida &lt;br /&gt;Sinamon  Tempero para o arroz&lt;br /&gt;Fabrico de Viks&lt;br /&gt;Combate diabete&lt;br /&gt;Combate tensao &lt;br /&gt;Pimenta preta Cura a bariga pos parto&lt;br /&gt;Aumenta potencia sexual.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cooperativa que desenvolveu lobys e conseguiu um espaco de terra.&lt;br /&gt;Uma cooperativa que foi treinada em Lobys e advocacia, foi visitada, esta conseguiu um espaco de terra larga para desenvolvimento das suas actividades, resultado das formacoes organizadas por MVIWATA. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Parque nacional de Zanzibar &lt;br /&gt;No final do dia, a equipa visitou o parque nacional onde teve a oportunidade de ver animais selvagens como os macacos diferentes das vulgares. Não so  a equipa visitou igualmente uma iniciativa comunitaria de criacao de tartarugas, com fins apenas de turismo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visitamos numa larga mata de mangais para presenciar as riquesas que as comunidades detem. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No Ultimo dia houve um balanco da vista, onde ambas partes maniestaram gratidao pela troca de experiencia que tanto vai contribuir para o desenvolvimento de actividades. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Falou dos passos subsequentes como:&lt;br /&gt; Programas de divulgacao da experiencia aos camponeses membros da UNAC&lt;br /&gt; Levantamete sobre as infraestruturas (armazens ) existentes anivel das associacoes e unioes membros&lt;br /&gt; Elaboracao de projecto de comercializacao (reabilitacao ou construcao de armazens…..)&lt;br /&gt; Fomacao de promotores de comercializacao. &lt;br /&gt; Realizacao de visitas conjutas UNAC e Mviwata de expansao de experiencias de comrcializacao e outras &lt;br /&gt; Visita da MVIWATA a Moçambique para treinamentos aos membros sobre o sistema de comercializaçao (mercados agricolas) em particcular&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lições aprendidas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resultados alcançados: &lt;br /&gt;Na concernente ao mutuo conhecimento entre organizações Africanas membros da via campesina, definir estratégias de acçoes comum para lutar contra a politica neoliberal e para a recuperação da soberania alimentar nos respectivos países, ter uma base de conhecimentos políticos, econômicos e sociais, assim como ter conhecimento dos direitos dos camponeses para sua própria disseminação e multiplicação destes conhecimentos com maioria dos camponeses que são base social do movimento, assim como alguns tópicos relacionados  com políticas no acesso e aproveitamento de terra, água, e outros recursos naturais, produção de biocombustiveis, EPAS, integração regional, nova revolução verde, as duas organizações de camponeses se reuniram e partilharam as experiências tendo recolhido as seguintes experiências. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em relação ao mutuo conhecimento &lt;br /&gt;As duas oaganizaçoes trabalham nas mesmas linhas de orientação  como podemos ver:&lt;br /&gt;MVIWATA  UNAC &lt;br /&gt;Nascimento &lt;br /&gt;A MVIWATA é um movimento nacional  de camponeses de Tanzânia que nasce em 1993 e foi legalmente reconhecida em 1995, congrega 75,000 membros redes de organizações de camponeses, 5,000 grupos. Trabalha em 24 regiões (províncias) das 26 existentes e 350 postos administrativos, não trabalham em duas regiões sendo a de  Dar Es Salaam e Arucha por serem zonas mineiras e comerciais respectivamente. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sendo a universidade agrícola sediada em Morogoro a qual promovia seminários de interesse dos camponeses que levou a criação  organização dos camponeses de Tanzânia, e estes sentiram que a sede fosse instalada em Morogora para estar perto da Universidade   Nascimento &lt;br /&gt;UNAC e um movimento de Camponeses  do sector familiar em Moçambique. Esta nasce em 1987, quando os lideres de organizações camponeses de Moçambique aperceberam se da necessidade de criação de uma organização nacional própria, capaz de representar e \ ou salvaguardar os seus interesses perante os orgaos administrativos legissltivos competentes  face ao clima sócio econômico emergido na entrada em moçambique  na economia do mercado.  As associações e cooperativas agro pecuárias criaram então o núcleo de apoio as cooperativas do pais,  que funcionou ate a realizacao de assembleia constitutiva em e em 1994 foi juridicamente reconhecida. &lt;br /&gt;Objectivos &lt;br /&gt; Representar os camponeses frente dos legisladores  e facilitar intercambio e trocas de experiências entre os camponeses em diversas áreas .  Objectivos&lt;br /&gt; Representar e \ ou salvaguardar os seus interesses perante os oragos administrativos legislativos competentes&lt;br /&gt;Áreas temáticas &lt;br /&gt; Loby e advocacia (Elevação de poder aos camponeses)&lt;br /&gt; Finanças Rurais &lt;br /&gt; Comercialiaçao &lt;br /&gt; Desenvolvimento de estrutura da Base &lt;br /&gt; Fortalecimento de grupos de camponeses  Áreas temáticas &lt;br /&gt; Terra &lt;br /&gt; Comercialização &lt;br /&gt; Extensão Rural participativa&lt;br /&gt; Elevação da voz  do camponês&lt;br /&gt;Assuntos transversais &lt;br /&gt; HIV\SIDA&lt;br /&gt; Gênero  Assuntos transversais &lt;br /&gt; Soberania alimentar&lt;br /&gt; Hiv \ Sida&lt;br /&gt; Gênero &lt;br /&gt;Principais actividades &lt;br /&gt; Formação e capacitação para os seus membros &lt;br /&gt; Apoio a organização dos camponeses em grupos &lt;br /&gt; Edição e divulgação de informações de camponeses através de boletim informativo produzido quatro em quadro meses.&lt;br /&gt; Divulgação de informações de interesse dos camponeses via rádio (1 vez por semana) &lt;br /&gt; Realização de encontro anual de prestação de contas e planificação anual Principais actividades &lt;br /&gt;As actividades da UNAC tem se fundamentado no aumento da sua capacidade como movimento para responder activamente aos desafios da base:&lt;br /&gt; Em ser cada vez mais a voz representativa e audível para defender os seus interesses sociais,, económicos e políticos dos camponeses com vista atingir um desenvolvimento sustentável&lt;br /&gt; Na intensificação de acções que contribua no aumento de capacidades de produção&lt;br /&gt; Na promoção e ampliação da auto organização dos camponeses com vista ao fortalecimento dinâmico das comunidade &lt;br /&gt;Membros (Categorias e numero) &lt;br /&gt; Grupos de camponeses e indivíduos &lt;br /&gt; Qualquer grupo que dá apoios  aos camponeses &lt;br /&gt; Qualquer indivíduo ou associação que gosta da iniciativa e apoia em iniciativas e  ideias dos camponeses &lt;br /&gt;MVIWATA conta com 75,000 membros redes de organizações de camponeses, 5,000 grupos. Trabalha em 24 regiões (províncias) das 26 existentes e 350 postos administrativos, Membros (Categorias e numero) &lt;br /&gt; Membros fundadores &lt;br /&gt; Membro efectivos &lt;br /&gt; Membros benemérito &lt;br /&gt; Membros honorários &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A UNAC a nível do pais conta com 1.300 Associações, 82 Uniões Distritais, 7 Uniões Provinciais, 4 Núcleos provinciais  e 87.000 indivíduos. &lt;br /&gt;Colaboradores &lt;br /&gt; Governo da Republica Unida da Tanzânia &lt;br /&gt; Governo de Zanzibar&lt;br /&gt; ONG.  Colaboradores &lt;br /&gt;A UNAC colabora com várias organizações como &lt;br /&gt;-Governo&lt;br /&gt;- ONG&lt;br /&gt;- Redes &lt;br /&gt;Vários projectos de apoio aos camponeses &lt;br /&gt; Comercialização dos produtos agrícolas (construção de mercados rurais)&lt;br /&gt; Créditos e Micro Finanças rurais em Morogoro, Dodoma e Klimadjaro &lt;br /&gt; Fortalecimento de grupos de Camponeses (planificação de projectos,  as boas praticas de agricultura e trabalhos em redes-network) Vários projectos de apoio aos camponeses &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Avanços &lt;br /&gt; Comercialização de produtos agrícolas através dos mercados agrícolas &lt;br /&gt; Subida significativa de regiões de intervenção de 6 em 1995 para 24 no presente ano&lt;br /&gt; Formação de Lideres  em Lobby e advocacia &lt;br /&gt; Créditos e Micro finanças &lt;br /&gt; Promotores camponeses em advocacia &lt;br /&gt;-  Participação na elaboração de politica do estado&lt;br /&gt;-  EPAs&lt;br /&gt;-  Aquisição de insumos agrícolas &lt;br /&gt;  Avanços &lt;br /&gt; Reconhecimento por lado do Governo e outras organizacoes da UNAC ser o interlocutor dos camponeses no pais &lt;br /&gt; Influencias efectuadas nas varias leis (terra, decreto das associações agro pecuárias , ….) &lt;br /&gt; Nascimento de mais uniões provinciais &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;Dificuldades &lt;br /&gt; Política neoliberal&lt;br /&gt; Fraca valorização da posição dos camponeses sobre os seus direitos de terra, recursos naturais, Produção de biocombustiveis, EPAS, integração regional,  revolução verde. Dificuldades&lt;br /&gt; Politica neoliberal&lt;br /&gt; Fraca valorização da posição dos camponeses sobre os seus direitos de terra, recursos naturais, Produção de&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em relação as experiências sobre formação e educação,&lt;br /&gt;Quer a UNAC assim como a MVIWATA, estão preocupados com a formação dos camponeses para o aumento e capacidades dos seus membros através de formações regulares, promoção de intercâmbios entre o camponeses, formação de promotores, formadores, edição de boletins entre outros. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Participação na elaboração de politicas publicas,&lt;br /&gt;Quer a UNAC assim como MVIWATA, promovem lobby e advocacia para influencias com suas ideias na elaboração  de politicas, mas os resultados não são encorajadores na medida que os governantes não põe em consideração algumas opiniões dos camponeses ( deu se exemplo em ambos países a questão de EPAS, revolução verde e de sementes geneticamente modificadas) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acesso a terra,&lt;br /&gt;Em relação a terra, a situação de Tanzânia assemelha – se a de Moçambique, as leis dos dois países mostram vantagens para os camponeses, mas na implementação, há sempre problemas entre os pequenos e médios  produtores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Participação de Mulheres e Jovens na vida do movimento&lt;br /&gt;Quer Tanzânia assim como Moçambique, a situação de participação de Mulheres e jovens constituem uma preocupação. Para Moçambique os dados estatísticos mostram que o maior numero de membros são mulheres mas a preocupado e de ocupação de postos de liderança e a sua participação activa na tomada de decisões. Para os jovens assim como mulheres a UNAC partilhou com Tanzânia as acções concretas que motivam a participação dos mesmos na vida do movimento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para tanzânia não constituía preocupaçao a participação de mulheres, mas actualmente é uma grande preocupaçao. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depois de mínimo conhecimento sobre a organização seguiu uma deslocação ao campo onde tivemos a oportunidade de visitar e conversar com alguns membros do conselho do mercado rural, de Nyandira,  Cooperativa Twaosse (Estamos Juntos), Cooperativa de Créditos e micro Finanças a Mãe Grace Mukwidu- produtora e processadora de plantas medicinais, disso recolhemos as seguintes experiências: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nas discussões foi visto que o importante é trabalhar de forma conjunta para a recuperação da soberania alimentar  e produzir bons resultados nas lutas campesinas e ser cada vez mais participante na via campesina, como:  &lt;br /&gt; Promoção de mais trocas de experiências entre camponeses de todas regiões membros da via campesina &lt;br /&gt; Ser cada vez forte na participação em varias lutas comum (reformas agrarias,, consolidação da soberania alimentar, direito dos camponeses, mudanças climáticas, valorização de agricultura ecológica, combate a semente geneticamente modificadas, combate a produção de monoculturas, lutas sobre os desníveis entre os pobres e ricos, EPAs entre outros) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Produção e comercialização &lt;br /&gt;Em Tanzânia aprendeu - se das valiosas experiências de produção e comercialização de produtos dos camponeses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Produção&lt;br /&gt;proposta da MVIWATA  e o incentivo de produção ecológico, para tal esta promove vários treinamos aos promotores na produção de plantas  medicinais   para o combate as pragas que são acompanhados de programas de divulgação junto dos camponeses, promoção  de feiras de produtos agrícolas e de plantas medicinais que se realiza anualmente em Julho e Agosto 7, 7 (Saba-saba) e 8, 8 respectivamente . estes desafios tem em vista a contrariedade de produção de culturas com sementes geneticamente modificadas. Nestes programas procuram igualmente desencorajar aos camponeses aderência de programas de produção de monoculturas. Visitamos um programa  de multiculturas, onde numa pequena parcela produz  se variedades de culturas e da bons resultados. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Incentivam igualmente a criação de animais para obter leite para comercialização, e que por sua vez este e transformado em iogurte produzido também para a comercialização&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comercialização &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os camponeses beneficiários de programa da MVIWATA, não tem sempre onde comercializar os seus excedentes agrícolas, a MVIWATA desenvolve um projecto de comercialização agrícola através de mercados construídos a nível das comunidades, beneficiando assim varias regiões. São mercados construídos no âmbito de projectos concebidos pela MVIWATA, mas que a gestão e da responsabilidade da comunidade. Têm um sistema invejável de gestão, onde os camponeses assim como os compradores têm suas taxas de pagamento pela utilização do mercado que tanto lhes traz benefícios, e estes valores são programados para a gestão do mercado (ampliação, compra de maquinas de processamentos dos produtos dos camponeses, pagamento de pessoal que trabalha a tempo inteiro, entre outros) tem um conselho de mercado constituídos pelos membros da MVIWATA e Governo, que são responsáveis pela gestão dos mercados. A presença de membros de governo, traz igualmente vantagens na discussão de preços de produtos agrícolas e nas concertações de assuntos de interesse dos camponeses e compradores. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tem um sistema de circulação de informações de preços diários de mercado, através de quadros fixos nas sedes de postos administrativos que diariamente actualizam aos camponeses sobre os preços de produtos agrícolas no mercado agrícola. Os camponeses não vendem os seus produtos a preços inventados individualmente tem tabelas compensativos de preços, caso o produtor não concorde adia a sua venda para o dia seguinte.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os camponeses organizam a sua produção e vendem coletivamente com preços compensativos e mediante um controlo rigoroso da blança. Nenhum camponês fica lesado. Os camponeses preferem aqueles mercados porque somam vantagens sobre os preços de venda, a taxa de pagamento de mercado e a própria segurança do mercado. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lições aprendidas &lt;br /&gt; Concordância de preços entre os produtores &lt;br /&gt; Construção de mercados rurais (Celeiros comunitários)&lt;br /&gt; Criação de fundos para a manutenção do mercado e pagar salario do pessoal &lt;br /&gt; Informações do mercado com envolvimento do estado nas decisões sobre os pecos&lt;br /&gt; Constituição de comités mistos (Camponeses e Governo) permite uma interacção entre as partes &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mercado agrícola&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Créditos e Micro finanças Comunitárias. &lt;br /&gt;A MVIWATA tem um programa de Créditos e micro finanças, queridos pelas comunidades nas componentes de Comercio de produtos de primeira necessidade, actividades agrícolas, Insumos agrícolas, melhoramento de condições de habitação e transportes. Este programa tem em vista a redução de dependência de instituições vocacionadas em créditos, pois os camponeses não reúnem condições das varias garantias que são exigidos. Para os camponeses que pretendem adquirir os créditos tem suas condições que são exigidos mas de alcance para os camponeses, os seguintes: pagamento de jóias e quotas, garantias de suas terras e residência. No relatório dos factos visualiza o funcionamento do credito. Este e um programa que esta dando êxitos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Parque nacional de Zanzibar &lt;br /&gt;No final do dia, a equipa visitou o parque nacional onde teve a oportunidade de ver animais selvagens como os macacos diferentes das vulgares. Não só  a equipa visitou igualmente uma iniciativa comunitária de criação de tartarugas, com fins apenas de turismo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visitamos numa larga mata de mangais para presenciar as riquezas que as comunidades detêm. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No Ultimo dia houve um balanço da vista, onde ambas partes manifestaram gratidão pela troca de experiência que tanto vai contribuir para o desenvolvimento de actividades. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Falou dos passos subsequentes como:&lt;br /&gt; Programas de divulgação da experiência aos camponeses membros da UNAC&lt;br /&gt; Levantamento sobre as infra-estruturas (armazéns) existentes a nível das associações e uniões membros&lt;br /&gt; Elaboração de projecto de comercialização (reabilitação ou construção de armazéns….)&lt;br /&gt; Formacao de promotores de comercialização. &lt;br /&gt; Realização de visitas conjuntas UNAC e MVIWATA de expansão de experiências de comercialização e outras &lt;br /&gt; Visita da MVINWATA a Moçambique para treinamentos aos membros sobre o sistema de comercialização (mercados agrícolas) em particular&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-4985420600472674152?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/4985420600472674152/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=4985420600472674152' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/4985420600472674152'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/4985420600472674152'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2010/10/relatorio-da-troca-de-experiencia-entre.html' title='Relatorio da troca de experiencia entre a UNAC de Moçambique e a MVIWATA da Tanzania'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-6117221281925453128</id><published>2010-10-18T12:35:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-10-18T12:36:16.683+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Relatorio de troca de experiencia entre a CNOP Mali e a COPACO de RDC</title><content type='html'>I. INTRODUÇÃO&lt;br /&gt;Foi no âmbito dum projeto de troca de experiências elaborado pela Via Campesina (LVC) Africa 1, que efetuámos uma visita de troca de experiência com a COPACO em Congo, de 26 a 31 de Julho de 2010.&lt;br /&gt;A delegação era composta por Lamine COULIBALY, coordenador da região Africa 2 da Via Campesina, e de Boba Abed NEGO DAKOUO, presidente da Comissão de Cereais da AOPP – Associação das organizações profissionais camponesas, membro da CNOP.&lt;br /&gt;Os objectivos da visita de intercâmbio eram os seguintes :&lt;br /&gt;- Melhorar o conhecimento mútuo entre organizações africanas membros da LVC&lt;br /&gt;- Intercambiar saberes e experiencias em distintas áreas (organização, produção, comercialização, formação, participação na construção de políticas públicas, incidência política, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;- Establecer estratégias comuns de acção e de luta contra as políticas neoliberais e pela recuperação da soberania alimentar nos respectivos países&lt;br /&gt;- Ter uma base de conhecimentos tanto políticos, económicos, sociais, assim como sobre os direitos dos camponeses, pela difusão e multiplicação desses conhecimentos junto á maioria dos camponeses que conformam a base social do movimento em África. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. Relatório da visita&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chegamos no dia 26 à noite e fomos hospedados no Centro Liloba. As actividades começaram no dia 27 por uma visita das instalações da COPACO e uma breve apresentação da organização, seus membros, e membros do conselho de administração, antes duma reunião com as mulheres e com os jovens.&lt;br /&gt;Antes do encontro de mulheres, seguindo a tradição da Via Campesina, organizou-se uma “mística” onde as mulheres apresentaram alguns problemas que têm que enfrentar, em particular os pássaros que destroiem tudo o que elas semeiam. &lt;br /&gt;Logo a seguir, os temas dos debates foram entre outros: produção, transformação, comercialização, soberania alimentar e mudanças climáticas.&lt;br /&gt;Em relação aos diferentes temas expostos, podemos constatar todas as dificuldades que essas mulheres devem enfrentar nos seus trabalhos, nomeadamente a nível da produção, do escoamento dos produtos para o mercado (transporte), venda, conservação de alimentos no âmbito da valorização dos produtos locais, irrigação para horticultura, dado que os espaços dedicados à horticultura não estão limpos por causa das aguas residuais. A pesar de todas as dificuldades, saudámos os esforços que elas fazem para com outras mulheres principalmente da capital Kinshasa, em matéria de sensibilização em prol de um consumo de produtos locais. E para apoiar as mulheres nesse sentido, a COPACO estableceu a data de 15 de Maio como sendo o Dia da Cozinha Congolesa, dia em que cada ano em todas as explotações familiares se recomenda o consumo de produtos locais.  &lt;br /&gt;A delegação da CNOP reagiu perante os diversos temas em função de cómo são vividos no Mali, em particular no que diz repeito à mecanização da Agricultura e os tractores, havendo em Mali o exemplo duma fábrica de montagem de tractores que não foi uma política que atingiu seu alvo. Do mesmo modo, acerca das mudanças climáticas, o exemplo foi dado do programa de chuva iniciado pelo Estado de Mali.&lt;br /&gt;A tarde, realizou-se o encontro com os jovens da COPACO. Debatiu-se sobre as dificuldades da juventude congolesa na agricultura, das políticas de ajuda aos jovens em geral, em particular a juventude camponesa, nas areas de produção e comercialização. &lt;br /&gt;Pudemos constatar que não existem políticas da parte do governo congolês com objetivo de apoiar a juventude camponesa e rural, isso devido ao facto de que a agricultura não é considerada uma prioridade nas políticas de desenvolvimento do país. Os jovens camponeses, que geralmente praticam horticultura e um pouco de criação de gado, tem que enfrentar o problema do escoamento da sua produção, em particular estradas e transportes, que prejudicam a comercialização. &lt;br /&gt;Por isso, a COPACO está a sensibilizar a sociedade e os políticos para dar mais espaço e importãncia à agricultura.&lt;br /&gt;No caso do Mali, mencionamos a existência da Agência de Promoção dos Jovens (APEJ), que chegou de instalar jovens recém-diplomados no campo, dando terra a eles. Os jovens da COPACO ficaram impressionados, e viram que pelo menos o estado de Mali presta atenção à sua juventude, o que não é o caso em Congo, onde a juventude é marginalizada.&lt;br /&gt;- 3º e 4ºdia&lt;br /&gt;O 3º dia da nossa visita foi dedicado a uma saída até o planalto “Batéké”, para nos encontrarmos com algumas organizações de camponeses membros da COPACO. Esta viagem começou com a visita à organização CRNEBES, um agrupamento de umas 30 familias dispondo de 3 hectares de terra cultivavel. Pudemos constatar que nessa explotação familial, a associação de algumas culturas como por exemplo: feijão verde com mandioca, que é a cultura básica no país, milho, gergelim. Ao lado dessas culturas, se pratica também horticultura, entre outras a cultura da maranta. Entendimos também que todas as 30 familias trabalham nos 3 hectares e se repartem a colheita no fim da safra. Aí vimos a diferença com Mali, em particular no que diz respeito ao tamanho da machamba, e ao facto de 30 familias partilharem 3 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Depois de CRNEBES, que só faz agricultura e horticultura, fomos até Mongata para visitar a Associação dos Farmeiros Independentes (AFI), especializada na criação de gado, guarda e venda de gado na parte oeste do país, onde passamos a noite. Pudemos ver que a criação de gado só se faz na parte oeste e este do país. A pesar dos esforços fornecidos por esses criadores de gado, também enfrentam problemas de transporte do gado. Também problema com a lentidão das vendas (1 mês ou mesmo 2 meses nalguns casos), e quando se fazem, muitas vezes fazem-se na base do crédito,onde serão precisos varios meses até receber o valor total da venda. &lt;br /&gt;A outra constatação é que as raças criadas não produzem leite, e sabemos que essa associação venda de gado com venda de leite seria muito complementar e benéfica para a associação e as familias em particular, em particular nos períodos sem produção ou quando o dinheiro duma venda de  gado demora a entrar.&lt;br /&gt;Esta proposta que lhes fizemos, e exemplos muito concretos como os da mini-leiterias que estão a ser desenvolvidas noMali, suscitaram muito interesse da parte deles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;. O 4o dia foi dedicado a uma visita ao centro de campesinato de Nkiema, um centro que foi iniciado em 1958 pelos Belgas para desenvolver agricultura e criação de gado, para instalar pessoas sem emprego, no campo para trabalhar a terra. Hoje em dia este centro pertence ao Estado congolês, que deu á COPACO a responsabilidade de o gerir, já que é a unica concertação de todas as organizações de camponeses do país. Com 10.500 ha, um 1/3 ainda não está a ser utilizado, a pesar das doaçoes e subsídio em insumos que o Estado fornece ás familias que vivem no local.&lt;br /&gt;As culturas semeadas são entre outros: mandioca, amendoim, feijão, milho, e o gado é principalmente o gado pequenino como a cabra e aves de criação. Também se pratica a associação de culturas no Centro, e a média da superficie por familia é 1 hectare.&lt;br /&gt;Embora o Estado tenha instalado essas familias num terreno que pertence ao estado, há muitos chefes costumeiros que vêm ameaçar com a venda do terreno.&lt;br /&gt;Podemos dizer que este Centro é uma iniciativa de saudar, resta à COPACO sensibilizar a população para que vá ocupar esse espaço e assim contribuir ao desenvolvimento da agricultura.&lt;br /&gt;- 5º dia&lt;br /&gt;O 5o dia consitiu na vista a horticultores agrupados na Associação pela Proteção do Meio Ambiente (APE). Conseguimos chegar até lá depois de muitas dificuldades na estrada de aréia, onde os 4x4 passam com menos dificuldades. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Criada em 1998, a associação trabalhar em 50 hectares, fazendo cultura associativa como : batata-taraud, matanta, moréal. As sementes para essas culturas sempre são compradas. A média de terra alocada a uma familia é de 1 hectare. Os problemas encontrados geralmente são problemas de espaço, de ferramentas e material, e de sementes.&lt;br /&gt;Explicamos como fazemos em Mali em matéria de horticultura.&lt;br /&gt;A visita continuou com o encontro com a Associação de Carniceiros e Farmeiros do Congo (ABFECO), outra associação membro da COPACO cuja missão é acompanhar os criadores de gado vindo de Bandundu e de Bacongo, onde são activos. A associação, oficialmente reconhecida em 2006, tem um matadouro onde se abatem entre 15 e 16 bois por dia. O clientes são os carniceiros que vêm aqui comprar a carne que depois revendem à população, e grandes climentes como são os supermercados ou mesmo familias. &lt;br /&gt;A pesar dos esforços fornecidos, persistem dificuldades como ter clientes que compram a carne a crédito, taxas do Estado demasiadas elevadas, transporte do gado e da carne, considerando o estado das estradas e a distância para encaminhar-la até a capital.&lt;br /&gt;Falamos sobre o que se faz no Mali nesse sector, e isso levantou muito interesse.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;A ultima visita nesse dia foi para a Associação pela Promoção dos Camponeses dos Distritos de Kwango e Kwilu (APDK). Essa associação foi criada em 1996 com o propósito de facilitar o escoamento dos produtos dos camponeses que tinham muita dificuldade para o fazer. O mais sorpreendente é que, embora sua actividade sendo o transporte de produtos, não dispôe de veículos próprios, e tem que os alugar a donos que criam muitos problemas em particular com o pagamento do combustível, ou de manutenção em caso de avarias na estrada, a pesar de os contratos serem assinados anticipadamente. Esses contratos geralmente mencionam o facto de que deve se pagar uma garantia ao dono do veículo, e que as despesas de manutenção estão à carga do dono.&lt;br /&gt;Do nosso ponto de vista, isso é uma actividade de risco, porque endivídam-se para pagar a garantia ao dono do carro, ou pagar o combustível ou tratar do carro nos casos de avaria, e a negação da parte do dono de tomar conta desses aspectos a pesar do contrato assinado. Também parece que esse trabalho não é rentável, mesmo se eles se empenham para o manter em pé.&lt;br /&gt;Por esses motivos, aconselhamos a eles para rever sua maneira de fazer, e ao mesmo tempo sugerimos para que elaborassem um projecto com o objectivo de desenvolver seu trabalho com a ajuda da COPACO, que poderá talvez submeter a parceiros para financiamentos.&lt;br /&gt;6º dia&lt;br /&gt;O 6º dia foi dedicaco a uma reunião com todos os responsaveis de organizações membros da COPACO, para debater temas como Soberania Alimentar, APEs, OGMs, açambarcamento de terras e agrocombustiveis.&lt;br /&gt;Considerando os debates tidos, nossa conclusão é que os problemas são quase os mesmo, assim como as actividades levadas a cabo, mesmo se nalguns casos o ângulo é um pouco difrente.&lt;br /&gt;Sobre o tema da Soberania Alimentar, a COPACO como a CNOP está a defender este conceito no país para que o governo possa elaborar politicas que favoreçam seu desenvolvimento. Uma das actividades é o dia da cozinha congolesa a cada 15 de Maio, que é um dia de consumo de produtos locais em todas as familias camponesas da COPACO.&lt;br /&gt;Em relação aos APES, nossa posição comum é muito clara, é um NÃO categórico, porque não estamos a ver quais vantagens hão de tirar os camponeses e seus productos frente a outros vindo de outros países para invadir nossos mercados locais.&lt;br /&gt;Em relação dos OGMs, também nossa posição comum é negativas, e a COPACO está a levar a cabo actividades de sensibilização para seus membros. O que não é o caso em Mali porque um Lei foi aprovada para introduzir os OGMS, a pesar dos esforços e das lutas levadas pelas organizações de camponeses e da sociedade civil.&lt;br /&gt;Sobre o tema de açambarcamento de terras, chegamos a conclusão que é um fenomeno que não só tem cada vez mais impacto, mas que se averigua em quase todos os países africanos. Em Congo, as zonas afectadas são Katanga, Bacongo, Gassaye, Kivu etc. Em Mali, a zona mais afectada é o Office do Niger, a principal zona produtora de arroz do país..&lt;br /&gt;7º dia foi dia de descanso e visita guiada pela cidade de Kinshasa.&lt;br /&gt;8º dia: era dia da nossa saída de Congo, mas ainda assim de manhã participamos dum debate televisivo organizado pela COPACO nas suas instalações. O objectivo era que nós, os Malianos, dessemos nossa posição sobre os temas como a soberania alimentar, os OGMs, a comercialização, açambarcamento de terras, para mostrar à população congolesa que as lutas dos camponeses são as mesmas, seja onde for.&lt;br /&gt;III.  IMPRESSÃO E AGRADECIMENTOS  &lt;br /&gt;Ficamos bastante impressionados com a organização da visita, a maneira como fomos recibidos, a mobilização das organizações membros a volta da nossa presença entre outros. Ficamos impressionados também pelo sistema de cultura que se beneficia de 2 temporadas de chuva, a grande que vai de Agosto até Outubro, e a pequena que vai de Fevereiro até Março.&lt;br /&gt;Deploramos no entanto a falta de veículos da COPACO, que a pesar de ser o único quadro de concertação das organizações camposesas do país e a pesar da sua influência a nível político, não tem neste momento um único carro. Isso dificultou bastante as visitas às organizações membros, porque tivemos que ir de transportes semi publicos, conhecendo que esses veiculos não andam rapido, além dos engarrafamentos.&lt;br /&gt;Nos alegramos desta visita de troca de experiência, foi muito positiva porque trocamos conhecimentos e práticas de ambos lados. Além idisso, nos permitiu ver com olho externo o dinamismo das nossas organizações de camponeses, e ver todos os esforços consentidos para o desenvolvimento da agricultura em Africa. &lt;br /&gt;E enfim, queremos agradecer sinceramente a COPACO e todo seu pessoal, que a pesar dos recursos limitados se investiram totalmente para o éxito desta visita de troca de experiência. Nossos agradecimentos vão também para a Via Campesina Africa 1 que teve a boa iniciativa de elaborar esse projecto e de encontrar o financiamento para sua implementação.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-6117221281925453128?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/6117221281925453128/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=6117221281925453128' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6117221281925453128'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6117221281925453128'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2010/10/relatorio-de-troca-de-experiencia-entre.html' title='Relatorio de troca de experiencia entre a CNOP Mali e a COPACO de RDC'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-2100869052380734152</id><published>2010-10-18T12:21:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-10-18T12:33:57.216+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Rapport de visite d'échange d'expérience entre la CNOP Mali et la COPACO de RDC</title><content type='html'>I. INTRODUCTION&lt;br /&gt;C’est dans le cadre d’un projet d’échange d’expériences élaboré par la Via Campesina Afrique1, que nous avons effectué du 26 juillet au 31 Juillet 2010, une visite d’échange à la confédération paysanne du Congo (COPACO).&lt;br /&gt;La délégation était composée de Lamine COULIBALY, coordonateur région 2 Afrique de Via Campesina et de Boba dit Abed NEGO DAKOUO, président de la commission céréale de l’Association des Organisations Professionnelles Paysannes (AOPP) membre de la CNOP. &lt;br /&gt;L’échange visait les objectifs suivants :&lt;br /&gt;- améliorer la connaissance mutuelle entre organisations africaines membres de LVC&lt;br /&gt;- échanger des savoirs faire et des expériences dans différents domaines (organisation paysanne, production, commercialisation, formation, participation dans la construction de politiques publiques, incidence politique, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;- établir des stratégies communes d’action pour la lutte contre les politiques néolibérales et pour la récupération de la souveraineté alimentaire dans les pays respectifs&lt;br /&gt;- avoir une base de connaissance tant politique, économique, sociale ainsi que sur les droits des paysans, pour la diffusion et la multiplication de ces connaissances auprès de la majorité des paysans qui forment la base sociale du mouvement en Afrique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. DEROULEMENT DE LA MISSION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arrivés le 26 dans la soirée et hébergés au centre Liloba, les activités ont   démarré le 27 par une visite des locaux de la COPACO et une brève présentation de l’organisation et de ses membres du bureau venus nous accueillir avant de se réunir avec ses femmes et ses jeunes.&lt;br /&gt;Avant la rencontre des femmes et conformément à la tradition de la Via Campesina, un mystica a été organisé par les femmes pour présenter quelques problèmes auxquels elles sont confrontées notamment les oiseaux qui détruisent tout ce qu’elles sèment.&lt;br /&gt;Les thèmes qui ont fait ensuite l’objet de discussions sont entre autres : la production, la transformation, la commercialisation, la souveraineté alimentaire et les changements climatiques.&lt;br /&gt;Vu le nombre important de femmes présente à la rencontre, la latitude à été laissée aux responsables et par filières (production de céréales, élevage et maraîchage, transformation, utilisation des semences précoces) de se prononcer par rapport aux différents thèmes avant d’être complété par les autres membres. &lt;br /&gt;Au regard des différents exposés on a pu constater toutes les difficultés auxquelles ces femmes sont confrontées dans leurs travaux, notamment au niveau de la production,  de l’évacuation de la production vers le marché (Transport), de la vente, de la conservation des aliments dans le cadre de la valorisation des produits locaux, d’eau pour le maraîchage étant donné que les espaces destinés pour le maraîchage ne sont pas propre à cause des eaux usées. Hormis ces difficultés, on a constaté aussi tous les efforts qu’elles mènent à l’endroit des autres femmes surtout de la capitale en termes de sensibilisation pour la consommation des produits locaux. Et pour appuyer les femmes dans le même sens, la COPACO a initié la date du 15 mai comme journée de la cuisine congolaise où dans toutes les exploitations familiales la consommation locale est exigée. &lt;br /&gt;Quant à la délégation de la CNOP, elle a à son tour réagi par rapport aux différents thèmes tels qu’ils sont vécus au Mali, notamment la mécanisation de l’Agriculture en rapport avec les tracteurs et l’exemple a été pris sur l’usine de montage de tracteurs au Mali qui n’a pas été une politique qui a atteint véritablement sa cible. Egalement, à propos des changements climatiques, des exemples ont été pris notamment le programme de pluie provoqué initié par l’Etat malien. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;. La Rencontre avec les jeunes de la COPACO qui a suivi dans l’après midi, a fait l’objet de discussion sur la jeunesse congolaise face à l’Agriculture, les politiques visant à aider la jeunesse en générale et en particulier celle paysanne, notamment dans le domaine de la production et de la commercialisation.&lt;br /&gt;A la lumière de discussion, on a pu constater qu’il n’existe pas de politiques de la part de l’Etat congolais visant à aider la jeunesse surtout paysanne, car dû au fait que l’Agriculture n’est pas mis aux premiers plans dans les politiques de développement du pays. La jeunesse paysanne qui, dans la généralité fait le maraîchage et un peu d’élevage est aussi confrontée à des difficultés notamment des difficultés dues à l’évacuation de la production causée par des tracasseries routières qui jouent sur la commercialisation.&lt;br /&gt;C’est pourquoi la COPACO est entrain de sensibiliser et les politiques et la population d’une façon générale à s’adonner à l’Agriculture. &lt;br /&gt;Se référant sur le cas du Mali, notamment avec l’Agence de Promotion des Jeunes (APEJ) qui a installé des jeunes diplômés dans les campagnes et en les octroyant des terres, les jeunes ont trouvé que le Mali fait au moins des efforts pour aider sa jeunesse alors que tel n’est pas le cas au Congo où la jeunesse est marginalisée. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;- 3ème et 4ème jour&lt;br /&gt;Le troisième jour de notre visite a été consacré à une sortie au plateau « Batéké » pour rencontrer quelques OP membres de la COPACO. Cette étape de visite a commencé par l’OP CRNEBES, un regroupement de 30 familles et disposant de 3 hectares de terre cultivable. On a pu constater dans cette exploitation familiale l’association de certaines cultures notamment : le haricot vert avec le manioc qui est la culture de base du pays, le maïs, le sésame,…A côté de ses cultures, le maraîchage est aussi pratiqué avec notamment la culture de la maranta. On a aussi compris que les 30 familles travaillent toutes dans les 3 hectares et se partagent la production à la fin de la récolte.&lt;br /&gt;A ce niveau a pu faire une différenciation avec la culture pratiquée au Mali, notamment de part la superficie de champs cultivé et pour chaque céréale et le fait que 30 familles se partagent 3 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Après CRNEBES qui ne fait que l’agriculture et le maraîchage, nous nous sommes rendus à Mongata pour visiter l’Association des Fermiers Indépendants (AFI) spécialisée dans l’élevage, le gardiennage et la vente du bétail à l’ouest du pays où nous passerons la nuit. On a pu constater que l’élevage est développé dans seulement les zones est et ouest du pays. Bien que des efforts soient déployés par ces éleveurs, des difficultés sont toujours consenties notamment dans l’acheminement du bétail acheté dans d’autres contrés vers le pâturage AFI. D’autres difficultés sont aussi consenties au niveau de la vente qui est très souvent lente (un mois voire deux des fois) même si elle se réalise, elle se fait généralement sur la base du crédit dont il faudra attendre plusieurs mois avant de recevoir la somme due.&lt;br /&gt;L’autre constat est que les races élevées ne font pas de lait, quand on sait que cette association de vente bétails et de lait s’avère complémentaire et bénéfique pour l’association en générale et la famille d’éleveur en particulier car contribuant favorablement au rendement surtout en période de soudure ou la vente est lente. &lt;br /&gt;Cette proposition qu’on leur a faite avec des conseils et des exemples de cas, notamment des mini laiteries qui sont entrain d’être développées au Mali, a été très bien pris à bras le corps et a même suscité beaucoup d’intérêt de leur part.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;. Le quatrième jour a été consacré à la visite du centre paysannat de Nkiema, qui est un centre initié depuis 1958 par les Belges pour développer l’agriculture et l’élevage et installant les sans emplois voulant exploiter la terre. Il est de nos jours repris par l’Etat congolais dans le même sens et confié à la COPACO pour gestion, qui est l’unique cadre de concertation de toutes les OP du pays. Bien qu’il ait une superficie de 10500 hectares, les 1/3 ne sont pas à présent utilisés malgré les dons ou subventions  en intrants de l’Etat vis-à-vis des exploitations familiales se trouvant sur place. &lt;br /&gt;Les cultures y effectués sont entre autres : le manioc, l’arachide, le haricot, le maïs,… et son élevage est principalement consacré aux petits bétails notamment la chèvre et la volaille.  L’association des cultures est aussi pratiquée dans le centre et la superficie moyenne allouée est d’un hectare. &lt;br /&gt;Bien que l’Etat leur ait installé sur un espace qui l’appartient, des propriétaires coutumiers viennent très souvent leur menacer de vendre. &lt;br /&gt;On peut dire en gros que c’est une initiative à saluer, il reste à la COPACO de sensibiliser la population d’aller occuper l’espace afin de contribuer au développement de l’agriculture.&lt;br /&gt;- 5ème jour&lt;br /&gt;Le cinquième jour a consisté à la visite des maraîchers qui sont regroupés au sein d’une  Association dénommée : l’Association pour la Protection de l’Environnement (APE). On a pu atteindre ceux–ci après de véritables tracasseries dues à une route sablonneuse où seuls les 4x4 passent avec moins de difficultés.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Créée en 1998, l’association est regroupée autour de 50 hectares et faisant la culture associative notamment : patate-taraud, maranta, moréal. Les semences de ses cultures sont toujours achetées. La moyenne de terre allouée à une famille est d’un hectare. Les problèmes rencontrés sont généralement des problèmes d’espace, de matériels et de semences.&lt;br /&gt;Des explications ont été données par rapport à notre façon de faire au Mali en termes de maraîchage. &lt;br /&gt;La visite a continué pour la rencontre de l’Association des Bouchers et Fermiers du Congo (ABFECO), une autre association membre de la COPACO dont sa mission est d’encadrer les éleveurs en provenance de Bandundu et de Bacongo où ils sont actifs. L’association, officiellement reconnue en 2006,  dispose d’un abattoir où 15,5 à 16 bœufs sont abattus par jour. Les clients entre autres les bouchers qui viennent s’approvisionner pour ravitailler la population et les grande maisons que sont : les supermarchés et même des familles. &lt;br /&gt;Au regard des efforts fournis, des difficultés persistent notamment à avoir des clients solvables qui prennent la viande en crédit, au niveau des taxes de l’Etat qui est trop élevée et au niveau de l’évacuation des bêtes compte tenu de la distance et les tracasseries routières pour les acheminer vers la capitale. &lt;br /&gt;S’agissant du cas du Mali des explications qui leur ont été données, ont suscité beaucoup d’attentions et intérêts.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;L’Association pour la Promotion des Paysans des Districts de Kwango et Kwilu (APDK) a été le dernière association visitée lors de cette journée de visite aux OP de Kinshasa. Cette association est créée en 1996 dans le souci de faciliter l’évacuation des produits des paysans qui avaient de grandes difficultés. Ce qui est éténonnant c’est que, bien qu’elle évolue dans le transport, elle ne dispose pas de véhicule à son compte et est obligée d’en louer avec des propriétaires qui leurs posent d’enormes problèmes notamment pour le paiement de carburant, ou de reparation en cas de panne sur la route et bien que des contrats soient établis avant. Ces contrats sont généralement de deux sortes dont dans le premier cas ils payent une garantie au propriétaire et dans le deuxième cas, toutes les dépenses du véhicules sont à la charge du propriétaire.&lt;br /&gt;Au régard de leur façon de faire, on a remarqué que c’est un travail à risque dans la mésure où ils s’endettent pour payer une garantie au propriétaire du véhicule ou payer du carburant ou encore reparer le véhicule en cas de panne sur la route et le réfus des fois du propriétaire de le prendre en charge malgré le contrat.  On a aussi compris que ce n’est pas un travail rentable malgré leur attachement. &lt;br /&gt;Par conséquent, des conseils leur ont été prodigués quant à la révision de leur façon de faire et en même temps il leur a été proposé d’élaborer un projet en vu de développer leur travail avec l’aide de la COPACO, qu’ils pourront soumettre à des partenaires pour financement. &lt;br /&gt; 6ème jour&lt;br /&gt;Le 6ème jour a été consacré à la réunion avec tous les responsables d’OP membres de la COPACO où les thématiques Souveraineté alimentaire, les APE, les OGM, l’accaparement des terres et les agro carburants ont été fortement discutées. &lt;br /&gt;Au regard des discussions, il a été conclu que les problèmes s’avèrent pratiquement les mêmes et les activités menées même si les angles sont quelques fois différents, sont généralement les mêmes aussi. &lt;br /&gt;Quant à la Souveraineté alimentaire, la COPACO tout comme la CNOP est entrain de la défendre dans le pays afin que le gouvernement puisse mettre en place des politiques favorisant son développement, notamment par l’organisation de la cuisine congolaise tous les 15 mai, qui est un jour de consommation locale dans toutes les familles paysannes de la COPACO.&lt;br /&gt;Par rapport aux APE, la position est claire c’est le NON total, car ne voyant pas d’avantages pour les paysans et leurs produits qui seront face à d’autres qui viendront d’autres pays envahir les marchés.&lt;br /&gt;Par rapport aux OGM, la position est également négative et des sensibilisations sont entrain d’être mené par la COPACO à l’endroit de ses membres. Ce qui n’est pas le cas au Mali où l’Etat a voté la loi introduisant les OGM malgré les efforts et les combats menés par les organisations paysannes et la société civile.&lt;br /&gt;Quant à l’accaparement des terres, on a conclu que c’est un phénomène qui, non seulement prend de plus de l’ampleur, mais aussi, est constaté pratiquement dans tous les pays africains. Au Congo, les zones concernées sont notamment : le Katanga, le Bacongo, le Gassaye, le Kivu, etc. Alors qu’au Mali la zone visée est l’Office du Niger qui la principale zone rizicole du pays.  &lt;br /&gt;Le septième jour a été consacré au jour de repos et une visite guidée dans la ville de Kinshasa. &lt;br /&gt;Le huitième jour qui correspondait à la date de notre retour au Mali, a vu la matinée consacrée à un débat télévisé organisé par la COPACO à son siège où nous (délégation malienne) étions les invités. Il s’agissait au cour de ce débat de donner notre (CNOP-MALI) position sur les thématiques telles que: la souveraineté alimentaire, les OGM, la commercialisation, l’accaparement des terres, afin de montrer à la population congolaise que les combats des paysans sont toujours les mêmes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III.  IMPRESSIONS ET REMERCIEMENTS  &lt;br /&gt;Nous avons particulièrement été impressionnés par l’organisation de la visite, en termes d’accueil, de mobilisation d’OP membres, etc. Nous avons aussi été impressionnés par leur système de culture qui bénéficie de deux saisons de pluie à savoir la grande (qui commence d’août à octobre) et la petite (qui commence de février à mars).  &lt;br /&gt;Mais, ce qu’on a déploré, c’est le manque de moyen de déplacement à la COPACO, qui, de part son statut de seul cadre de concertation des organisations paysannes du pays et malgré son influence vis-à-vis de l’Etat, ne dispose pas à présent d’un moyen de déplacement. Ce qui a considérablement joué sur la visite des OP, car, obligeant de prendre des transports en commun pour aller à la rencontre des OP et quand on sait à combien ces transports en commun ont des vitesses limitées surtout avec les embouteillages.   &lt;br /&gt;Nous pouvons se réjouir de cette échange d’expériences, car elle a été  très bénéfique dans la mesure où des connaissances et pratiques ont été échangés de part et d’autre.  De l’autre côté, elle nous a permis de savoir d’un œil extérieur le dynamisme de nos organisations paysannes et savoir aussi que des efforts sont consentis pour le développement de notre Agriculture.&lt;br /&gt;En définitive, nous adressons nos sincères remerciements à la Confédération paysanne du Congo (COPACO) et à l’ensemble de son personnel, qui, malgré les moyens limités se sont investi pour la réussite de cette visite d’échange d’expériences. Nos remerciements s’adressent aussi à La Via Campesina Afrique 1 pour avoir eu la bonne initiative de monter un tel projet et d’avoir trouver le financement pour sa mise en œuvre.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-2100869052380734152?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/2100869052380734152/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=2100869052380734152' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/2100869052380734152'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/2100869052380734152'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2010/10/rapport-de-visite-dechange-dexperience.html' title='Rapport de visite d&apos;échange d&apos;expérience entre la CNOP Mali et la COPACO de RDC'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-3106004286838272750</id><published>2009-08-18T10:55:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-08-18T10:58:18.716+02:00</updated><title type='text'>La Libye s'accapare des terres rizicoles maliennes</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.viacampesina.org/main_fr/mambots/content/multithumb/thumbs/350.150._home_viacampe_public_html_main_fr_images_stories_2009-08-17-terres%20maliennes.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 350px; height: 252px;" src="http://www.viacampesina.org/main_fr/mambots/content/multithumb/thumbs/350.150._home_viacampe_public_html_main_fr_images_stories_2009-08-17-terres%20maliennes.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L’accaparement des terres des petits paysans par des grandes entreprises nationales et étrangères devient un sujet de plus en plus révoltant au Mali. Après avoir investit dans divers secteurs économiques au Mali et en Afrique, ces entreprises nationales ou multinationales se rabattent aujourd’hui sur d’autres cieux, à savoir la terre. Cela, à l’image de MALIBYA, une entreprise libyenne à qui le gouvernement du Mali, dans sa politique de promotion des investissements privés dans la production rizicole a octroyé 100 000 hectares dans la zone Office du Niger, la principale zone rizicole du pays et précisément à Macina ouest dans la région de Ségou, quatrième région du Mali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ce projet stratégique selon la convention signée par les deux pays a pour objectifs principaux : d’assurer l’autosuffisance alimentaire des pays; le développement de l’agro-industrie ; et le développement de l’élevage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selon le directeur général de MALIBYA, Abdalilah Youssef, les composantes du premier volet du projet – financé par MALIBYA- sont d’abord la construction d'un canal d’approvisionnement en eau sur une longueur de 40 km, qui s’étend de la zone de Kolongotomo jusqu’au site du projet, dans la zone de Boky-Wèrè. La capacité minimale du canal est de 130 m3. Ce qui permet d’approvisionner plus de 11 millions de m3 par jour et plus de 4 milliards de m3 par an. L’autre composante, c’est la route, longue, elle aussi, de 40 km. Le coût du contrat est estimé à 25 milliards de FCFA. Il va être exécuté sur une durée de 12 mois.&lt;br /&gt;Pour assurer l’exécution des travaux relatifs à la construction du canal et la route le longeant c'est l'entreprise chinoise CGC qui a été commanditée par MALIBYA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il va s'agir du plus grand canal sur le territoire malien, et l’un des plus grands en Afrique. Nous avons commencé à mettre en œuvre le projet, qui va s’exécuter par étapes dont la première est de 25 000 hectares de terres agricoles. Pour ces 25 000 hectares, nous avons commencé les travaux depuis déjà plus d’un an. Le projet va être un projet multi-fonctionnel qui englobe des activités d’agriculture (notamment la culture du riz dont la production sera environ 200 000 tonnes par an), d’élevage et d’industrie. Donc, en plus de l’agriculture, il y aura de la production animale, dont les projections seront de 25 000 tonnes de viandes par an, des usines pour la transformation des produits agricoles (comme du concentré de tomates et des laboratoires, a expliqué le directeur de MALIBYA au quotidien privé « L’aube » dans sa parution du 10 novembre 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En effet, le cercle de Macina est un cercle à vocation agro-pastorale et la plus grande zone rizicole de l’Office du Niger en termes de superficie. Il s'agit non seulement d'une zone d’élevage par excellence, mais aussi une zone de transit et de départ des animaux transhumants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ainsi, pendant que le gouvernement malien proclame sa volonté d’assurer l’autosuffisance alimentaire du pays, il continue à signer un nombre inquiétant d’accords avec des investisseurs étrangers. Ce qui permet à ces derniers d’avoir un contrôle sur les terres agricoles les plus importantes du pays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il convient de rappeler également qu’il y a quelques années, en marge d’un sommet de la Communauté des Etats Sahélo-Sahariens (CEN-SAD) à Bamako, le Président du Mali, Amadou Toumani Touré a offert 100 000 hectares à la CEN-SAD dans la zone Office du Niger. Tout porte à croire que la CEN-SAD est dirigée par la Libye!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Libye qui a une dépendance accrue vis-à-vis des multinationales en matière d’approvisionnement des produits agricoles, a importé 177 000 tonnes de riz en 2005 évaluées à 62 milliards de dollars US, selon les données de la FAO. On se rend compte qu’à l’instar des autres pays arabes, la Libye cherche à sortir de cette dépendance alimentaire en mettant en œuvre des projets comme celui au Mali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quelle que soit la destination finale du riz, sa production ne va pas beaucoup aider les agriculteurs et agricultrices du Mali, parce qu’elle va se traduire par l’expulsion de certains agriculteurs locaux de leurs terres et va entrer directement en concurrence avec d’autres producteurs pour l’approvisionnement en eau à partir du fleuve Niger, la plus importante ressource pour l’irrigation de la région. La société est même entrée en négociation avec le gouvernement pour obtenir une priorité sur l’attribution de l’eau en contre saison, quand les niveaux de l’eau sont faibles. Selon les informations que nous avons obtenues, MALIBYA entend exploiter elle-même ces 100 000 hectares de terres, engageant les paysans et paysannes locales comme ouvriers et ouvrières agricoles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par ailleurs, tous s’inquiètent de la façon dont ce projet va détruire l’importante diversité de semences de riz locales, et favoriser un petit nombre de variétés de semences améliorées et de techniques modernes dans le domaine agricole, tel que souligné dans la convention.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous avons signé un contrat avec une société chinoise pour la production du riz hybride. Aujourd’hui, en terme de rendement en ce qui concerne le riz,  le Mali est à 2 tonnes à l’hectare. En introduisant cette nouvelle variété de riz hybride, le rendement sera majoré et passera de 2 à 8 ou 9 tonnes à l’hectare. Ce sont essentiellement les pays puissants qui produisent ce riz hybride et qui en ont le monopole. Il n’existe pas encore ici. Il s'agira d'une première au Mali, voire en Afrique ; souligne le directeur de MALIBYA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selon des spécialistes, cette variété de riz présente une qualité gustative médiocre, ce qui constitue un aspect important pour les petits producteurs qui fournissent les marchés locaux.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par ailleurs, les semences de cette variété ne peuvent être conservées et reproduites par les producteurs qui seront obligés d'en racheter tous les ans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De plus, les organisations paysannes locales craignent que la société libyenne n'introduise du riz génétiquement modifié (OGM) sur le territoire malien par le biais de ce projet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Coordination Nationale des Organisations Paysannes du Mali (CNOP), en tant que structure de représentation politique et de défense des intérêts des producteurs Agricoles, a vite saisi le dossier après avoir été interpellée par les organisations paysannes de la base. Elle a dépêché une mission avec des représentants du Programme d’Appui aux Collectivités Territoriales pour se rendre compte de l'étendue des travaux d’aménagement sur le terrain et de leurs répercussions sur la population locale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Constats&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La visite des cites et des entretiens avec les différents acteurs à la base (réalisées du 07 au 10 juillet 2009): la Préfecture, l’Office du Niger, les mairies, la population concernée, entre autres… ont abouti aux constats suivants :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      La non réalisation de l’étude d’impact social et environnemental, alors que les travaux d’aménagement ont débuté depuis octobre 2008 ;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      La non-clarté des informations fournies aux différents acteurs quant à l’exécution du projet;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      La construction du bâtiment du bureau de contrôle sur la piste de parcours des animaux à « Boky-wèrè » ;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      L’obstruction totale sur 7 kilomètres de la piste de parcours des animaux de « Kolongo » par la route et un canal en chantier sans que des passages adéquats alternatifs ne soient prévus pour les animaux ;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      L’Office du Niger de Kolongo, qui refusait de signer le contrat de bail car n’ayant pas été associée à la signature de la convention, a fait volte-face et défend actuellement le projet ;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Les collectivités ne reçoivent aucune taxe de l’extraction des produits de carrières utilisés pour la construction de la route ;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      L’entreprise exploite les carrières sans autorisation de la collectivité et autres autorités locales; Certaines zones de prélèvement de carrière sont soit des cimetières ou des parcelles déjà loties pour l’extension de la ville par la mairie de Kolongo;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      La formation de nuages de poussières occasionnés par la fréquence des camions d’approvisionnement et accentués par le manque d’arrosage, malgré plusieurs interventions faites par les collectivités concernées avec l’implication de l’administration ;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      La destruction des cimetières par les travaux d’aménagement du canal et de la route ;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      La destruction des maisons, des villages, des vergers et jardins maraîchers par la construction de la route et le prélèvement des produits de carrières. (seulement 58 familles seront dédommagées sur les 150 familles recensées comme affectée); L’expropriation des maisons des villages dans la zone sans compensation à nos jours ;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le développement des agrocarburants&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comme si cela ne suffisait pas, la visite a aussi permis d’identifier qu'une autre surface de 100 000 hectares dans la commune de « Monipébougou », toujours dans le cercle de Macina, appartenait désormais au groupe TOMOTA, un opérateur économique malien qui le dédie à la culture du jatropha, utilisée comme agrocarburant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Des paysans de la commune qui n’ont d’autres richesses que leur terre, ont ici aussi été expropriés au profit d’intérêts privés. Selon le premier adjoint du maire, de la commune, Mamadou Coulibaly, l’octroi de ces terres a été fait sans l’implication des acteurs concernés à la base et aucune convention n’a été signée entre le groupe et la localité. En plus, les travaux de labour ont atteint la route qui est une route nationale sans tenir compte des bornes plantés pour identifier les pistes de passage des animaux. Ce qui mettra en cause les résultats obtenus par les collectivités dans le cadre de la recherche de solutions aux conflits sanglants et voire mortels entre éleveurs et agriculteurs. On a écrit au Préfet, au Gouverneur, au ministre de l’Environnement et même au groupe TOMOTA pour que les droits de chacun soient respectés: et les paysans qui ont été expropriés, et la marie qui veut que les pistes de passage des animaux soient respectées afin d’éviter des conflits, explique M. Coulibaly sur le site du groupe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ces mêmes paysans n’ayant pas été dédommagés sont obligés de travailler pour le Groupe TOMOTA moyennant 500 à 750 FCFA par jour pour subvenir aux besoins de leurs familles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les populations expulsées&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En mettant « la charrue avant les bœufs » la population affectée par le projet MALIBYA n’a d’autre espoir que d’attendre les conclusions quant à leur dédommagement. Cela à l’image d’Antoinette Dembélé, une sexagénaire qui s’adonnait au maraîchage depuis des décennies dans la parcelle que lui a légué son époux avant son décès, afin de faire face aux dépenses familiales et autres charges sociales. Elle a été expropriée de sa parcelle située à côté du canal d’approvisionnement d’eau dans le cadre des travaux d’aménagement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les Chinois sont venus détruire mon jardin avec tout son contenu: goyaviers, orangers, papayers, oignons… et jusqu’à présent je n’ai pas été dédommagée. On a tenté de saisir nos autorités locales à savoir : la mairie, l’office du Niger… celles-ci nous ont fait savoir qu’elles ne peuvent rien contre une décision qui est venue du gouvernement et elles n’ont d’autres choix que de constater les travaux. Je suis obligée de rester à la maison à faire des petits commerces de cigarettes, de condiments pour faire face aux besoins de la famille. Nous sommes vieilles pour mener des luttes aussi difficiles, car ils nous ont fait savoir que la terre appartient à l’Etat et seuls les arbres et les plantes que l'on a plantées ou cultivées nous appartiennent. Si on essaie de s’informer auprès des Chinois qui font l’aménagement, ils nous disent d’aller voir le Président de la République et qu’ils n’ont de compte à ne rendre à personne. On n’a pas d’autres espoirs que d’attendre notre dédommagement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bien qu’une commission ait été mise en place par le village pour recenser tous les problèmes de la population en vue d’informer la mairie et d'informer la population des décisions prises ; bon nombre d'habitants ignorent son existence, ce qui remet en cause sa légitimité et son rôle de défense de la population locale. D’autres signalent que cette commission est manipulée par les défenseurs du projet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il convient de dire que tout porte à croire que ce projet ne sera bénéfique qu’a la Libye, contrairement à ce que pense la population, qui espère profiter de l’aménagement de ces 100 000 hectares. Cela est dû à la non clarté de l’information de part et d’autre. L’information est biaisée à tous les niveaux et en fonction des intérêts des parties concernées : la préfecture de Macina, l’Office du Niger, la population, entre autre. Ce qui pousse les autorités locales à croire à ce projet, à l’image du Préfet de Macina M. Cissé : d’après les constats et les rencontres avec les représentants des deux investisseurs qui n’avaient pas eu lieu avant le début des travaux, je pense que c’est un projet porteur qui va permettre d’aménager une grande superficie et développer le cercle. Je n’ai pas constaté de mauvaise foi de l’un ou de l’autre –MALIBYA et TOMOTA, peut être un problème d’approche.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le directeur de l’Office du Niger de la zone de Kolongo qui avait affiché un refus vis-à-vis du projet parce qu'il n'avait pas été associé au processus de la signature de la convention, a désormais fait volte-face et défend le projet. Il pense que l’aménagement du canal principal long de 17 kilomètres et qui sert de ravitaillement pourra aussi servir à l’Office du Niger pour aménager d’autres parcelles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il est important de signaler que tous ces souhaits évoqués par les différents acteurs dénotent de la non connaissance du contenu de la convention. Car, il convient de dire que la convention signée par les deux pays reste jusque là invisible. Les services concernés, la population en général et plus encore la paysannerie de la localité ignorent son contenu et sa quintessence. Ce qui justifie peut-être un certain espoir de bénéficier d'un part conséquente de cet investissement. Cependant, il n'est nullement garanti dans la convention que la population allait en bénéficier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La défense des producteurs locaux&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Etant devenue un sujet particulièrement complexe et sensible, la question de la terre suscite beaucoup d’inquiétudes quant l’avenir des petits producteurs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par conséquent, bon nombre de structures étatiques (Programme d’appui aux collectivités territoriales, Direction nationale de la production des ressources animales) et structures privées de la société civile (Coordination Nationale des Organisations Paysannes et Fédération de Bétails et Viandes du Mali) se sont levées pour former une commission nationale afin de lutter et défendre les intérêts de la population touchée qui ne vit que de l’agriculture, l’élevage et la pêche.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La CNOP entend non seulement renforcer la lutte avec l’ensemble des organisations de la société civile, mais aussi organiser avec des parlementaires une interpellation du ministre de l’Agriculture et celui de l’Environnement à l’Assemblée Nationale pour clarifier le dossier et garantir les droits de tous les acteurs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bien qu’un bail de 50 ans renouvelable soit mentionné dans la convention, bon nombre d’observateurs craignent aussi l'accaparement définitif de ces terres par la Libye par l’octroi d’un titre foncier. Cela créerait des dangers sans précédents tels que des rébellions et la destruction du système semencier de la zone rizicole avec l’introduction de semences améliorées, voire même des OGM.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lamine COULIBALY &amp; Boaventura MONJANE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Via Campesina&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-3106004286838272750?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.viacampesina.org/main_fr/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=432&amp;Itemid=1' title='La Libye s&apos;accapare des terres rizicoles maliennes'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/3106004286838272750/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=3106004286838272750' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/3106004286838272750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/3106004286838272750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2009/08/la-libye-saccapare-des-terres-rizicoles.html' title='La Libye s&apos;accapare des terres rizicoles maliennes'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-87469502445401964</id><published>2009-04-27T19:06:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-27T19:10:46.282+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Souveraineté alimentaire'/><title type='text'>15 mai 2009 : journée nationale de la Cuisine Congolaise</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;"NE DEMANDE PLUS A UN LION A DEVENIR HERBIVORE"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par la COPACO-PRP (copacoprp@yahoo.fr), membre de la Via Campesina Afrique en RDC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans le souci de faire de la souveraineté alimentaire notre cheval de bataille,la COPACO,une organisation paysanne nationale membre de la Via Campesina Afrique organise une "Journée Nationale de la Cuisine Congolaise"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But de la journée:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Faire connaître les raisons de notre lutte pour la construction de la souveraineté alimentaire au pays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Démontrer que la sécurité alimentaire a échouée et que l'ALE est arme de la destuction sociale massive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Tisser des alliances avec les hôteliers de la place pour faire consommer les produits des paysans et paysannes du Congo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Les organisations des petits producteurs de la COPACO exposeront leur produits à l'occasion et on consommera congolais donc le repas tiendra compte des pratiques culinaires congolaises pour promouvoir les valeurs agricoles locales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         UNE JOURNEE DE LA GLOBALISATION DE LA REUSSITE&lt;br /&gt;         DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA SOUVERAINETE ALIMENTAIRE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;                                  VIVE LA CUISINE CONGOLAISE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour plus de renseignements : copacoprp@yahoo.fr&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-87469502445401964?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/87469502445401964/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=87469502445401964' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/87469502445401964'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/87469502445401964'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2009/04/15-mai-2009-journee-nationale-de-la.html' title='15 mai 2009 : journée nationale de la Cuisine Congolaise'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-6488624231814219955</id><published>2009-01-28T09:19:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-01-28T09:23:12.655+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Negociações sobre o clima : os camponeses têm um papel a desempenhar !</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Em Dezembro de 2009, um novo acordo internacional para a redução das emissões de carbono deve ser assinado para dar seguimento ao protocolo de Quioto, que terminará em 2012. No entanto, as propostas actualmente em negociação, todas baseadas no comércio de carbono, não irão parar a mudança do clima e constituem uma séria ameaça aos camponeses e camponesas no mundo. As organizações camponesas têm um papel a desempenhar para promover alternativas reais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Raros são, hoje em dia, os que negam a realidade das alterações climáticas e a gravidade da ameaça que estas representam para a humanidade. A actividade humana é responsável pelo aumento da concentração do carbono na atmosfera de 280 ppm no início do século 18, antes da industrialização e do princípio da extracção massiva de carvão, de gás e de petróleo, para 387 ppm hoje em dia. Este valor representa um nível nunca visto na terra há milhões de anos, o que torna impossível saber-se exactamente quais podem ser as reacções da biosfera e, nomeadamente, se esta permanecerá um espaço hospitaleiro para a vida humana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;A história de uma crise ambiental sem precedentes…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De acordo com o Painel Intergovernamental sobre a Mudança Climática (IPCC), as temperaturas deverão aumentar entre 1,4 e 5,8 graus daqui a 2100. As consequências mais prováveis são a multiplicação das catástrofes climáticas (tempestades, tornados, tsunamis, cheias, …), a diminuição da produtividade agrícola, a subida do nível dos mares e a imersão de certas ilhas e de zonas costeiras, a expansão descontrolada de certas epidemias, das migrações humanas massivas para as zonas menos afectadas e o desaparecimento de numerosas espécies vegetais e animais incapazes de se adaptarem a uma mudança tão brutal. Muitos cientistas já não hesitam em incluir a espécie humana entre as espécies ameaçadas.&lt;br /&gt;Face a esta crise sem precedentes, a Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as alterações climáticas foi instituída em 1992 para examinar as medidas a tomar para limitar a crise e permitir adaptar-se aos seus efeitos. Os mais moderados dos climatólogos estimam que, para que daqui a 2100 a subida das temperaturas não exceda 2ºC e a concentração de carbono na atmosfera 450 ppm, é necessário reduzir as emissões mundiais de pelo menos 50% daqui a 2050 relativamente aos níveis de 1990.&lt;br /&gt;No entanto, sob influência dos Estados Unidos, o debate evoluiu rapidamente da necessária desintoxicação das energias fósseis para um discurso meramente centrado sobre as soluções tecnológicas e os mecanismos de mercado. Financiamentos enormes foram alocados aos mais esquisitos e assustadores programas de pesquisa, por exemplo desenvolver árvores geneticamente modificadas que poderiam captar mais carbono ou ionizar os oceanos para sequestrar mais carbono nos fundos submarinos (esta tecnologia encontra-se agora submetida a uma moratória da Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica, porque destrói toda a fauna marinha). O debate climático serve também para promover o desenvolvimento de fontes energéticas tais como o nuclear ou os agro-carburantes que, mesmo sendo pouco ou não emissores de carbono, comportam riscos também importantes para as sociedades humanas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;... virada em proveito do negócio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mas, acima de tudo, a luta contra as alterações climáticas tem que ser favorável aos negócios. Assim, o comércio do carbono tornou-se o elemento-chave do protocolo de Quioto adoptado em 1997. Um país ou uma empresa que emite demasiado dióxido de carbono pode comprar créditos de carbono a outro país ou empresa que emite menos que a sua quota autorizada, ou compensar as suas emissões financiando projectos de “desenvolvimento durável” (desenvolvimento de agro-carburantes, barragem hidráulica, instalação de captadores solares, plantações florestais, etc.) nos países do Sul ou do antigo bloco do Leste. Estes mecanismos pressupõem que o crescimento das energias renováveis e o aumento das superfícies florestais podem compensar o acréscimo de emissões devidas à extracção de carbono nos subsolos. Ora, tal é simplesmente falso. Todo o carbono extraído do subsolo demora milhões de anos a lá voltar. As energias renováveis só são úteis face às mudanças climáticas se, paralelamente, o consumo de energia fóssil diminuir de modo drástico. As florestas podem captar de maneira temporária uma parte do carbono em excesso na atmosfera, mas para além de uma certa taxa de concentração, elas próprias são postas em perigo e rejeitam então mais carbono do que absorvem.&lt;br /&gt;Em suma, em vez de discutir meios de reduzir, ou até de parar a extracção de carbono dos subsolos, a CCNUCC serviu para instituir mecanismos de mercado que permitem aos países ricos continuarem a utilizar as energias fosseis, ao mesmo tempo que dizem agir contra o aquecimento climático. Estes mecanismos são muito rentáveis para as empresas, já que criam um novo mercado cujo produto principal, a poluição, é o único elemento realmente durável. Mas são igualmente muito pouco criticados pelas organizações ambientais que beneficiam frequentemente de créditos de carbono no quadro dos projectos que desenvolvem no Sul. Assim, a Bird Life e a Sociedade Britânica para a Protecção das Aves criaram em 2007 um consórcio para explorar durante 99 anos um território de 100.000 ha. em Sumatra, pelo qual esperam beneficiar de créditos de carbono. O WWF implementou, por sua vez, um sistema lucrativo de “eco-label” para certificar os projectos de mecanismo de desenvolvimento durável no quadro do protocolo de Quioto. Assim, raras são as vozes que se elevam contra a burla.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;As falsas soluções são ameaças reais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ora, o comércio de carbono e as « soluções» tecnológicas não só são ineficazes para reduzir as emissões de carbono, como representam uma ameaça directa para as comunidades camponesas e indígenas, particularmente no Sul. Com efeito, desde a sua aplicação em 2005, a maior parte dos projectos financiados pela via do mecanismo de desenvolvimento durável, nomeadamente grandes barragens e plantações de agro-carburantes, leva à expulsão das populações locais das suas terras. No acordo pós-Quioto, ou seja a partir de 2012, pretende-se incluir igualmente as florestas e as terras agrícolas dos países do Sul no comércio de carbono. Isto significa que o proprietário de uma floresta ou de um campo poderá vender um direito a poluir correspondente às quantidades de carbono armazenadas no seu terreno. O Banco Mundial pretende que este mecanismo irá beneficiar a todos: aos países do Sul que esperam receber muito dinheiro, aos países do Norte que poderão continuar a emitir carbono e às populações locais que vão obter uma fonte suplementar de receitas financeiras. No entanto, comunidades locais já são expulsas das suas terras por empresas e ONG que compram territórios imensos para poderem vender os créditos de carbono no mercado das compensações voluntárias. Assim, o risco de que, longe de beneficiar as populações, estes mecanismos criem uma competição crescente para o acesso aos recursos produtivos, é grande. As terras já não servirão para alimentar as comunidades locais mas sim para armazenar carbono para que o Norte possa continuar a emiti-lo. &lt;br /&gt;A União Europeia, que se proclama a campeã do movimento contra a mudança climática, está no pelotão da frente para desenvolver o lucrativo mercado dos direitos de emitir. O acordo europeu negociado no último mês de Dezembro prevê publicamente uma redução de 20% das emissões daqui a 2020. No entanto, 80% destas « reduções » poderão ser realizadas fora do território europeu. No total, a EU só se compromete, portanto, a reduzir de 4% as suas emissões enquanto o resto deverá ser assumido pelas populações do Sul.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;A soberania alimentar pode estabilizar o clima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E, no entanto, a solução do problema climático é conhecida e a sua realização tecnicamente simples. É necessário reduzir de forma drástica as emissões de carbono cessando, o mais rapidamente possível, de extrair carvão, gás e petróleo dos subsolos. Esta solução pressupõe sair do modelo de desenvolvimento industrial, totalmente dependente das energias fosseis e baseado no crescimento perpétuo do consumo energético. A “relocalização” da economia e a transição para modos de produção centrados nas necessidades reais (e não numa extensão infinita das necessidades, ditada pela publicidade) e baseada em tecnologias sóbrias estão no centro de uma visão alternativa.&lt;br /&gt;A passagem de uma agricultura industrial dependente dos adubos, dos tractores e de um sistema mundializado de comércio alimentar, para uma agricultura camponesa relocalizada e baseada em práticas agro-ecológicas muito sóbrias em energias fosseis mas gulosa em trabalhadores, é portanto uma prioridade para acabar com a nossa dependência das energias fosseis, ao mesmo tempo que se continua a responder às necessidades fundamentais das populações. É claro que outras alternativas devem ser igualmente promovidas, como o desenvolvimento dos transportes públicos para substituir o carro individual e o isolamento das habitações para limitar as necessidades em aquecimento, mas estas medidas serão ilusórias sem uma nova política agrícola à altura dos desafios climáticos.&lt;br /&gt;Ao passo que o sistema actual, hiper-centralizado, é susceptível de se desmoronar logo que um elo falhar e assim de provocar catástrofes humanitárias imensas, melhorar a capacidade das populações a responder às suas necessidades alimentares e energéticas é também o melhor meio para aumentar o seu potencial de resiliência. Desta forma, a soberania alimentar e energética deveria ser o pilar de qualquer política consequente de limitação e de adaptação à mudança climática.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Sair do modelo de desenvolvimento industrial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;« Parece mais fácil hoje em dia imaginar a completa destruição da Terra do que o fim do capitalismo » afirmou um realizador de Hollywood. É realmente o que a CCNUCC nos leva a pensar. E, no entanto, só uma pequena minoria da população mundial é dependente do carbono, e tal há um pouco menos de 200 anos, o que é portanto uma gota de água na história da humanidade. Ainda hoje em dia a grande maioria das populações do Sul utiliza muito pouco carbono (uma pessoa em Moçambique emite em média 0,1 tonelada de dióxido de carbono por ano, contra 20,6 toneladas para um americano médio), e, no entanto, são elas as primeiras vítimas tanto das alterações climáticas, como das violências perpetradas para assegurar a extracção das energias fosseis (pensemos na guerra do Irak) e das falsas soluções que os interesses financeiros promovem.&lt;br /&gt;Se os países do Sul devem adaptar radicalmente os seus modelos de desenvolvimento a esta nova situação, está claro que é nos países do Norte, que são responsáveis historicamente de mais de 90% das emissões de dióxido de carbono, que o essencial das mudanças tem que ocorrer. É assim urgente agir, aqui no Norte, para caminharmos para uma economia sem carbono.&lt;br /&gt;O desafio parece enorme. Mas é o próprio futuro das sociedades humanas que está em jogo. Face à máquina de destruição instituída pelo sistema industrial e financeiro há duzentos anos, os camponeses e camponesas europeus preservaram e alimentaram um património cultural que pode permitir-nos reconstruir uma sociedade viável. Actualmente, em vários países, dinâmicas poderosas estão encaminhadas para tentar relocalizar as produções e desenvolver energias renováveis descentralizadas ao serviço dos habitantes. As « cidades em transição » na Grã-Bretanha são um exemplo deste movimento. Mas não há dúvida nenhuma de que os interesses financeiros e industriais não querem desta mudança. Assim, ao esforço de reconstrução económica e social, é indispensável juntar uma luta radical contra as falsas soluções defendidas pelas multinacionais e, nomeadamente, contra o comércio de carbono. No mundo inteiro, diferentes movimentos sociais começaram a organizarem-se para preparar a resposta à próxima conferência da CCNUCC, em Dezembro 2009 em Copenhaga. Estas mobilizações serão um momento fundamental para fazer bascular o equilíbrio das forças. Os camponeses e as camponesas têm um papel importante a desempenhar para denunciar a burla em curso e devolver a esperança noutras vias possíveis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Morgan Ody&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-6488624231814219955?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/6488624231814219955/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=6488624231814219955' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6488624231814219955'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6488624231814219955'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2009/01/negociacoes-sobre-o-clima-os-camponeses.html' title='Negociações sobre o clima : os camponeses têm um papel a desempenhar !'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-3935750045317460673</id><published>2008-12-15T13:00:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2008-12-15T13:04:12.027+02:00</updated><title type='text'>La Lucha por la Tierra en Mozambique, por Serena Corsi</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CUser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Una mujer mozambiqueña va a ver a un curandero para preguntarle adónde fueron a parar los siete millones de meticais (1) que el Estado había prometido para su distrito. "¿Pero qué saben de eso los espíritus? ¡Pregúnteselo al administrador!", exclama, enojado, el chamán.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Este sketch de teatro, conocido en todo el país (2), refleja uno de los aspectos más interesantes de la actualidad de Mozambique: el lento proceso de formación de una ciudadanía crítica, que ya no está dispuesta a aceptar como voluntad inexorable de la naturaleza la administración de los asuntos públicos por parte de una clase dirigente que se perpetúa desde 1975.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Los habitantes de Mozambique acaban de salir de una prolongada historia de autoritarismo: tras el largo dominio colonial portugués, que había estructurado la sociedad en un orden jerárquico casi feudal, sobrevinieron la independencia en 1975 y el gobierno del Frente de Liberación de Mozambique (Frelimo) (3). Éste intentó establecer una administración y un gobierno rural uniformes en todo el territorio (4), al costo de una concentración administrativa de hecho y de un sistema político de partido único.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Por otra parte, un Estado recién nacido no habría tenido esperanza alguna de sobrevivir si no hubiera encontrado el modo, aunque coercitivo y con frecuencia en clave anti-tribal, de expandir rápidamente su poder en zonas rurales, sobre todo allí donde actuaba desde 1976 la guerrilla antisocialista de la Resistencia Nacional Mozambiqueña (Renamo). Tal debe haber sido el sentimiento de muchos mozambiqueños durante la guerra civil -probablemente de las más crueles de la posindependencia africana- que destruyó las redes familiares y sociales tradicionales, provocando cuatro millones de evacuados internos y un millón y medio de refugiados en Sudáfrica, Tanzania y Zimbabwe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Por lo tanto, las primeras elecciones multipartidarias de 1994, tras el acuerdo de paz firmado en Roma en 1992, no significaron que el partido-Estado Frelimo abandonara el mando del poder político y económico del país, ni el control de sus principales medios de información, aun si con el tiempo los tonos paternalistas y propagandistas de la prensa se fueron diluyendo y los pocos diarios críticos respecto del gobierno publican con libertad, sin sufrir persecuciones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Ello se debe en parte a que el Frelimo no corre serios riesgos de perder las elecciones del año próximo: la oposición no ofrece ninguna alternativa programática y está desgarrada por antiguas luchas internas. Por otra parte, el Frelimo goza del tácito apoyo internacional gracias a la continuidad que representa y a la fidelidad a los programas económicos liberales impulsados por el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y el Banco Mundial desde la década del '80. Porque la guerra civil no significó una suspensión de la democracia sólo por haber alejado a la gente de las oportunidades de hacer política, sino también en un sentido estrictamente institucional, ya que si el Frelimo abandonó hacia finales de los años '80 su posición marxista-leninista y abrazó las prescripciones de los organismos financieros internacionales, fue en primer lugar con el propósito de facilitar el fin de la guerra (5), y luego para acceder a los créditos internacionales necesarios para reconstruir un país devastado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Contrarreforma agraria&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Así fue como Mozambique se transformó en la donors' doll, la "muñeca de los donantes": en 2000 fue el país más dependiente del mundo después de Sierra Leona (6). Para comprender quién toma las decisiones en Mozambique, conviene saber que aún hoy el 50% de su presupuesto nacional proviene de los ingresos de los préstamos y de financiación de la cooperación internacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;La contraparte consiste en un programa de privatizaciones que en pocos años dejó al Estado huérfano de todas las empresas y los recursos que había administrado en el período socialista (7). Todos, excepto uno: la tierra. La constitución de la independencia había establecido que la tierra pertenecería exclusivamente al Estado hasta la noche de los tiempos, pero no aclaraba cómo ni quién podía explotarla para cultivarla temporalmente. El regreso del éxodo de la guerra al inicio, el cambio liberal y la alianza de las elites nacionales con las extranjeras luego, presionaron para que el poder legislativo plasmara un cuadro jurídico más completo en el tema de los derechos agrarios. La ley que se sancionó, Lei Terra 97, confirmó la propiedad pública de la tierra y el derecho prioritario de las comunidades tradicionales para cultivarla. Fue, por una parte, el último coletazo "socialista" del ala izquierda del Frelimo y, por otro, el bautismo de fuego de la União Nacional de Camponeses (Unión Nacional de Campesinos, UNAC), que se abrió paso como única fuerza endógena y auténticamente campesina en la galaxia de ONG que intervinieron en la cuestión. "Nuestra Lei de terra es aún hoy de vanguardia; en ella se inspiran cientos de movimientos campesinos", explica Ismael Ousseman, fundador de la UNAC. "El problema es que las fuerzas del capital y de la inversión extranjera son más fuertes que una ley africana, y hoy la lucha se ha desplazado hacia la implementación de la ley." La Lei de terra establece, en efecto, de qué maneras se adquiere el derecho de uso: permanente para comunidades que la habitaron tradicionalmente y para ciudadanos mozambiqueños que la hayan trabajado por al menos diez años; de cincuenta años para empresas extranjeras, previo proceso de consulta con las comunidades locales que viven en la zona. "Esta última posibilidad está constituyendo, de hecho, la contrarreforma agraria en mi país", continúa Ousseman. Porque con gran frecuencia este proceso de participación comunitaria se convierte en el simple acto de corromper a las autoridades locales, que deberían hacer respetar la ley y evitar la dilapidación de la tierra. Ahí entra en juego otro criterio indispensable para obtener créditos internacionales, es decir, el otro gran problema de la gobernabilidad mozambiqueña: la descentralización del poder.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;El gobierno nacional empezó a discutir la descentralización ya en 1994, pero la Ley de Municipalidades de 1997 (no por casualidad contemporánea de la Lei de terra) traicionó el espíritu originario de la propuesta, estableciendo que todos los distritos del país, excepto 33 centros urbanos (8), serían gobernados por autoridades locales... nombradas, sin embargo, por el poder central de Maputo, según un esquema muy similar al vigente en las épocas colonial y poscolonial. El local empowerment ("empoderamiento local") quedó así reducido a la mera retórica de los programas de desarrollo con los cuales la hábil elite de Mozambique obtenía financiamientos: el resultado, por lo tanto, no fue en absoluto la descentralización de los procesos de decisión, sino más bien una suerte de cooptación de las autoridades locales y tradicionales, que además, si bien son tradicionales, lo son en sentido cultural y casi nunca atávico: gran parte de las comunidades que se arrogan el derecho de uso de una superficie de tierra en Mozambique se formaron después y no antes del éxodo causado por la guerra civil. En muchos casos, el Estado no "encontró" y "reconoció" una autoridad, sino que "creó" una comunidad alrededor de una autoridad a la que decidió reconocer por conveniencia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;A nivel local, de hecho, las indicaciones políticas de Maputo repercuten en cascada. Y la comunidad política internacional (a la cual el gobierno nacional ha decidido seguir perteneciendo por conveniencia) empuja decididamente hacia la privatización de la tierra y hacia su disponibilidad para monocultivos intensivos, lo que significa una enorme amenaza para millones de familias y pequeñas cooperativas mozambiqueñas. Aunque éstas involucren, en total, a dos tercios de la población, sólo el 4% del presupuesto del Estado se destina a la agricultura, que sin financiamiento estatal está condenada a seguir siendo una agricultura de mera subsistencia. De esta manera, denunciar la escasa eficiencia de la pequeña agricultura y reclamar la privatización de la tierra para favorecer el ingreso de inversiones extranjeras se convierte en un juego fácil para la elite económica mozambiqueña, formada en gran medida por ex políticos del Frelimo que pasaron a conducir las empresas privatizadas. Así lo expresa, sin eufemismos, João Pereira, sociólogo y presidente del Mecanismo de Apoio à Sociedade Civil (Mecanismo de Apoyo a la Sociedad Civil, MASC): "La presión por la privatización de facto ha aumentado en estos últimos años, y las inversiones para biocombustibles están destinadas a llevar la cuestión a su punto de ebullición". No casualmente, de biocombustibles ha hablado el presidente mozambiqueño Armando Emilio Guebuza a mediados de octubre con el presidente brasileño Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, de visita oficial en Maputo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;"&gt;La "revolución verde"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;El 19 de octubre pasado, al inaugurar la V Conferencia Internacional de la Via Campesina (ver recuadro), el presidente Guebuza sostuvo un difícil equilibrio para complacer al auditorio, asegurando larga vida a la agricultura en pequeña escala, y defender al mismo tiempo la política agraria del gobierno, orientada hacia la privatización de hecho y la concesión de grandes extensiones a empresas privadas, con frecuencia extranjeras: "Sostener a las familias y promover la 'revolución verde' en Mozambique, con el fin de exportar nuestros productos" (9). "Revolución verde": un programa de financiamiento de la agricultura cuyo objetivo consiste en aumentar la producción para la exportación. La próxima reina de las exportaciones agrícolas ya ha sido coronada: se trata de la jatrofa, una planta que se utiliza para la producción de biocombustibles. Desde mediados de 2007, el gobierno va convenciendo a los campesinos de reconvertir los propios cultivos en cultivos de jatrofa, como primer paso para la muy publicitada revolución verde (10). Pero ¿significará ésta algún apoyo a la pequeña agricultura, o se trata de la enésima imposición exigida por las contingencias del mercado mundial y vendida como un elixir para el pueblo mozambiqueño? "Tal vez no sea la misma Revolución Verde que en la década del '60 arruinó a India y a México; formalmente, el gobierno se opone a la invasión de agrotóxicos. Pero nosotros estamos muy atentos, porque una vez más, es desde el exterior que se nos pide la implementación de esta política", dice Diamantino Nhampossa de la UNAC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;Al no haber una oposición institucional a esta política, le corresponderá a la joven sociedad civil mozambiqueña defender la tierra: como sugiere el sketch teatral de la señora que va al curandero, los mozambiqueños deberán saber pedir cuentas a sus administradores acerca del destino de los recursos propios, naturales y financieros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;En lo que concierne a los primeros, ya empieza a difundirse el buen hábito de denunciar públicamente las responsabilidades políticas: en enero del año pasado en Manhica, un distrito cerealero donde habían surgido conflictos entre cooperativas agrícolas y Managra (una empresa productora de caña de azúcar), los campesinos rechazaron por primera vez las banderas del partido de gobierno en su propia manifestación. "La responsable provincial de la agricultura, hace pocas semanas, sostuvo en televisión que es necesario quitarles la tierra a los campesinos que la cultivan improductivamente. Pero ¿qué ha hecho el gobierno para ayudar a los campesinos a cultivar de manera eficiente?", exclama Jeorge Funzano, presidente de una pequeña asociación agrícola de Chokwe, en el sur del país. "Nos sentimos amenazados por estas declaraciones, como si hubiéramos caído en una trampa. Pero nosotros tenemos sólo la tierra; nada que perder." u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;1          El metical es la moneda de Mozambique. 1 dólar estadounidense equivale aproximadamente a 25 meticais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;2          Campaña producida por el Mecanismo de Apoio à Sociedade Civil (Mecanismo de Apoyo a la Sociedad Civil, MASC).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;3          Frente de Libertaçao do Mozambique, el grupo armado de inspiración socialista que organizaron los exiliados mozambiqueños desde la Tanzania gobernada por Julius Nyerere y que asumió el poder tras la independencia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;4          Corrado Tornimbeni, Sviluppo decentrato in Mozambico. Dalle politiche coloniali alla good governance, Afriche e Orienti, Bolonia, 2001.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;5          La guerrilla de la Renamo estaba apoyada y en gran parte financiada por las potencias occidentales adversas al régimen socialista de Maputo. Uno de sus financistas era un profesor sudafricano, André A. Thomasausen, y la misma Sudáfrica, como admitió recientemente el ex ministro de Defensa Pik Botha, le ofrecía logística y medios a la Renamo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;"&gt;6          South African Migration Project, On Borders: Perspectives on International Migration in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;South Africa&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, Ciudad del Cabo, 2000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;"&gt;7          Christopher Cramer, "Privatisation and Adjustment in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Mozambique&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;: a '&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;Hospital&lt;/st1:placetype&gt; &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;Pass&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;'?", Journal of Souther African Studies, Nueva York, marzo de 2001.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;8          El 65% de la población vive en áreas rurales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;9          Davide Caliandro, "L'evoluzione del regime fondiario in Mozambique", Universidad de Bolonia, julio de 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;10        Proyectos piloto de cultivos intensivos de jatrofa ya están activos en las provincias del centro y del norte de Inhambane, Manica, Zambezia y Nampula, mientras que en el sur parece que se está difundiendo más rápidamente la caña de azúcar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;S.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="ES"&gt;© LMD ed. Co-no Sur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-3935750045317460673?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/3935750045317460673/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=3935750045317460673' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/3935750045317460673'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/3935750045317460673'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/12/la-lucha-por-la-tierra-en-mozambique.html' title='La Lucha por la Tierra en Mozambique, por Serena Corsi'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-6527025618771790736</id><published>2008-12-09T10:10:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2008-12-09T10:12:10.041+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Mali . : Projet de loi sur la biotechnologie : Il passe à l’Assemblée comme lettre à la poste</title><content type='html'>Par Moussa Touré&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malgré la forte protestation et les différents appels de la société civile, l’Assemblée nationale du Mali a examiné et adopté le projet de loi sur la biotechnologie. Défendu par le ministre de l’Environnement et de l’Assainissement, ledit projet a obtenu l’aval des députés, car ces derniers l’ont adopté à 108 voix Pour et seulement 20 Contre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le récent développement de la biotechnologie a consisté à l’utilisation d’une technique nouvelle pour manipuler volontairement des gènes, des cellules, ou des tissus vivants, pour produire de nouveaux tissus ou générer des changements dans la constitution génétique d’un organisme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Le contexte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ce développement sans précédent des biotechnologies suscite des intérêts assez considérables pour les pays en développement. Il représente une opportunité pour réaliser des avancées certaines dans plusieurs domaines, notamment l’agriculture et l’alimentation, l’environnement, la santé humaine et animale, l’énergie, l’industrie et la foresterie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par ailleurs, nonobstant les immenses espoirs engendrés par la biotechnologie, des inquiétudes demeurent quant à son application, en raison des conséquences qui peuvent découler de son utilisation sur la diversité biologique, la santé humaine et animale et l’environnement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De nos jours, le constat est que, face à l’immense espoir qu’a fait naître les avancées en matière de biotechnologie, un océan d’insécurités s’étale, lié aux risques que peut engendrer son utilisation. Pour y faire face, les Etats en développement, et particulièrement le Mali, ne disposent que d’un vide juridique compromettant pour des décideurs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;La justification&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comme spécifié, le développement spectaculaire de la biotechnologie offre des avantages, car les découvertes recèlent des espoirs extraordinaires d’exploitation au profit du bien-être de l’humanité. Il est source d’inquiétudes particulièrement vives, car la technologie biologique comporte des risques potentiels. Or de nos jours, notre pays ne dispose d’aucun instrument juridique approprié le mettant à l’abri des risques liés aux activités biotechnologiques. Une des craintes manifestes s’exprime sur le plan socio-économique, dans la mesure où les biotechnologies sont développées par de puissantes sociétés multinationales et constituent une menace potentielle pour l’avenir des structures agricoles traditionnelles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour notre pays, il ressort donc une nécessité impérieuse de prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires, pour se mettre à l’abri des risques éventuels liés aux différentes applications de la biotechnologie moderne : c’est ce qui s’appelle nomme bio sécurité ou sécurité biotechnologique. D’où l’adoption de ce projet de loi soumis aux députés.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moussa Touré&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-6527025618771790736?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/6527025618771790736/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=6527025618771790736' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6527025618771790736'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6527025618771790736'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/12/mali-projet-de-loi-sur-la.html' title='Mali . : Projet de loi sur la biotechnologie : Il passe à l’Assemblée comme lettre à la poste'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-7821174262441644774</id><published>2008-12-09T10:06:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2008-12-09T10:08:08.369+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Biosécurité et introduction des OGM au Mali</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;“Les députés ont trahi le peuple", a dit Ibrahima Coulibaly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par Moussa Touré, 14 novembre 2008, Le Soir de Bamako&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Afin de montrer leur opposition, et d’attirer l’attention des députés sur les conséquences que peuvent entraîner l’adoption d’un projet de loi sur la biotechnologie dans notre agriculture, la Coordination Nationale des Organisations Paysannes du Mali (CNOP) a organisé, ce jeudi 13 Novembre 2008, un sit-in devant l’Assemblée nationale... Et cela, au moment même où les élus s’apprêtaient à examiner ledit projet de loi.&lt;br /&gt;En plus du président de la CNOP , M. Ibrahima Coulibaly, la manifestation a enregistré la présence d’autres responsables et beaucoup de membres de l’organisation. Ainsi, sur les banderoles des manifestants, on pouvait lire : “Monsanto : société criminelle aux USA et dans le monde ! ” ; “OGM : un aller simple pour un nouvel enfer de dépendance semencière !” ; “OGM : ni dans mon champ, ni dans mon assiette !” ;  “OGM sans transparence : destruction de notre pays ! ” ; “OGM : la Loi d’Orientation Agricole (LOA) est en train d’être violée et piétinée ! ”...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En effet, il faut bien constater que de nos jours, l’introduction des Organismes Génétiquement Modifiés (OGM) dans l’agriculture est devenue un sujet de débat public dans le monde entier. Et notre pays n’est pas resté en marge, avec l’élaboration d’un projet de loi relatif à la sécurité en biotechnologie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ainsi, convaincu des conséquences désastreuses que peuvent entraîner la biosécurité et l’introduction des OGM dans notre agriculture, la CNOP a multiplié des activités (ateliers, conférences, marches...) pour informer, former afin que chacun puisse non seulement contribuer efficacement aux débats, mais aussi prendre connaissance des effets néfastes d’une telle technologie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conséquences de l’introduction des OGM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Du point de vue des responsables de la CNOP , notamment du Président, Ibrahima Coulibaly, les OGM posent de sérieux problèmes environnementaux liés à l’agriculture : des problèmes d’éthique, des problèmes d’ordre économique, politique, culturel, sanitaire..., tant pour les hommes que pour les animaux.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aussi, M. Coulibaly a fait savoir que par le flux de gènes, la généralisation de la culture des OGM présente des risques importants de pollution génétique. En effet, les gènes artificiels introduits dans les plantes cultivées peuvent se répandre dans le patrimoine génétique des variétés traditionnelles et des espèces sauvages ou apparentées aux OGM. Toute chose qui, du coup, entraîne la destruction des semences traditionnelles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Donc, c’est un nouvel esclavage que les multinationales sont en train de mettre en place au détriment des paysans, qui seront contraintes d’aller acheter, chaque année, des semences OGM à prix d’or. D’ailleurs, aucune compagnie d’assurance n’a encore accepté d’assurer les risques potentiels des OGM ”, s’est indiqué le président de la CNOP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;M. Coulibaly a signalé que tous ces facteurs cités sont contraires au cadre de biosécurité qui doit avoir, pour seul objectif, d’assurer la sécurité environnementale, sanitaire, et surtout économique d’un pays, et non d’introduire le commerce des OGM brevetés. Il a ajouté que la bio sécurité doit aussi servir à préserver les variétés, les espèces et races locales ; et que sans cela, elle n’a aucun intérêt, surtout pour un pays en développement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;La CNOP conteste le projet de loi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Du constat de cette coordination paysanne, face à la précipitation d’une minorité de chercheurs de l’Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER), et avec l’appui sans faille de Monsanto, Syngeta et l’USAID, un avant-projet de loi de Bio Sécurité a été élaboré et soumis à l’Assemblée par le gouvernement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ce document, ainsi que son cadre, ont été élaborés avec la participation de façade d’une partie de la société civile triée sur le volet (trois personnes au total, avec des profils qui ne cadrent pas avec les enjeux de la problématique) par les cadres des ministères chargés de la question, pour favoriser le démarrage des travaux d’introduction, de manipulation et de dissémination des plants génétiquement modifiés, a fait avoir la CNOP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aussi, toujours selon la CNOP , le processus d’élaboration de ce document extrêmement important pour notre pays -afin de se protéger contre les risques avérés des OGM- n’a pas respecté les dispositions des conventions internationales signées par notre pays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il s’agit notamment de la Convention sur la Diversité Biologique (CDB) et du Protocole de Cartagena, qui exige des consultations populaires pour élaborer les textes nationaux. A ces Conventions, on peut ajouter la Loi d’Orientation Agricole (LOA) qui prévoit d’élaborer une loi semencière et de bio sécurité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En outre, le projet de loi de bio sécurité que le gouvernement du Mali a soumis à l’Assemblée nationale présente plusieurs incohérences par rapport aux aspirations du peuple malien, en matière de bio sécurité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C’est pour toutes les raisons évoquées que la Coordination Nationale des Organisations Paysannes (CNOP) avait mené beaucoup de combats afin d’arrêter le vote de ladite loi par les députés.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moussa TOURE&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-7821174262441644774?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/7821174262441644774/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=7821174262441644774' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7821174262441644774'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7821174262441644774'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/12/bioscurit-et-introduction-des-ogm-au.html' title='Biosécurité et introduction des OGM au Mali'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-1186327720887044467</id><published>2008-12-09T10:01:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2008-12-09T10:02:31.656+02:00</updated><title type='text'>CONGO : Apelo à Solidariedade Internacional</title><content type='html'>SITUAÇÃO NO NORTE KIVU, REPÚBLICA DEMOCRÁTICA DE CONGO:&lt;br /&gt;APELO À SOLIDARIEDADE INTERNACIONAL&lt;br /&gt;NÃO À GUERRRA!&lt;br /&gt;SIM À VIDA E À SOBERANIA ALIMENTAR!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Confédération Paysanne do Congo (Confederação Camponesa do Congo), COPACO-PRP, membro da Via Campesina em Àfrica, lança um apelo à solidariedade internacional, vista a situação de conflito armado e de insegurança que se intensificou nas últimas semanas na provincia do Norte Kivu, na fronteira com Ruanda.&lt;br /&gt;As vítimas deste conflito armado entre tropas regulares congolesas e grupos rebeldes, são as populações civis inocentes, forçadas a fugir das suas casas e das suas machambas, forçadas a errar nas estradas e a juntarem-se, no melhor dos casos, em campos de refugiados. Já haveria mais de um milhão de deslocados e três milhões de mortos na região, vítima de insegurança há mais de 15 anos já.&lt;br /&gt;Neste contexto de guerra e de impunidade, as mulheres são regularmente violadas, a violação sendo considerada como uma arma de guerra como qualquer outra.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estas populações são na sua maioria famílias inteiras, camponeses e  camponesas, que hoje não têm mais acesso às suas machambas, seu gado, suas culturas, e não podem voltar para suas casas. Além disso, consideradas armas brancas, suas ferramentas de trabalho como a enxada e o facão, lhes são confiscadas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nós, camponeses e camponesas de Congo, precisamos de campos de mandioca!&lt;br /&gt;Não precisamos de campos de minas nem de guerras!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esta guerra é claramente também um atentado à Soberania Alimentar destas famílias, e do país no seu conjunto. Forçando os camponeses e camponesas a deixarem suas machambas, e portanto forçando-os a não poderem cultivá-las seguindo o calendário agrícola, abre-se a porta sem vergonha à ajuda alimentar internacional, muitas vezes em mão das transnacionais do sector agro-alimentar, e isso em nome da suposta segurança alimentar e da ajuda internacional!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na hora da crise alimentar mundial, reafirmamos que a Àfrica em geral, e o Congo em particular, podem alimentar-se eles próprios !&lt;br /&gt;Esta guerra contribui ao desaparecimento acelerado das camponesas e camponeses, e ao desaparecimento da agricultura camponesa!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por esta razão, nós da Confédération Paysanne de Congo, lançamos um apelo à solidariedade internacional, junto a todos os membros da Via Campesina, mas também junto a todos os nossos amigos e amigas, em África e no mundo.&lt;br /&gt; Podem enviar mensagens de solidariedade aos camponeses e camponesas de Leste do Congo, afectados por esta guerra infame, à copacoprp@yahoo.fr et/ou à vcafrica@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt; Pedimos que enviem também mensagens às embaixadas de RDC nos vossos países, às de Rwanda, assim como à Organização das Nações Unidas, ONU, que tem uma missão de manutenção da paz em Congo – para que sejam tomadas medidas para proteger as populações civis inocentes, camponeses e camponesas na sua maioria, e para que acabem as violações impunes contra nossas mulheres. Que sejam tomadas medidas também para permitir a essas famílias camponesas deslocadas que voltem para suas casas, e retomem seus trabalhos agrícolas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SOBERANIA ALIMENTAR JÁ ! COM A UNIDADE E A LUTA DOS POVOS !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GLOBALIZEMOS A LUTA ! GLOBALIZEMOS A ESPERANÇA !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contactos : &lt;br /&gt;COPACO-PRP, Nathanael Buka, portavoz nacional, Tel : +243 81 16 48 430, copacoprp@yahoo.fr&lt;br /&gt;COPACO-PRP, Alphonsine Nguba, membro do CCI da Via Campesina, Tel : +243 99 46 42 963, ngubaalpha@yahoo.fr &lt;br /&gt;Renaldo Chingore João, UNAC, Mozambique, membro do CCI da Via Campesina, renaldo.unac@gmail.com &lt;br /&gt;Ibrahima Coulibaly, CNOP, Mali, membro do CCI da Via Campesina, i_ibracoul@yahoo.fr&lt;br /&gt;Fatimatou Hima, Plateforme Paysanne du Niger, membro do CCI da Via Campesina, fatimatou3@caramail.com&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-1186327720887044467?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/1186327720887044467/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=1186327720887044467' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/1186327720887044467'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/1186327720887044467'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/12/congo-apelo-solidariedade-internacional.html' title='CONGO : Apelo à Solidariedade Internacional'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-2957222291995648394</id><published>2008-12-09T09:59:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2008-12-09T10:00:28.527+02:00</updated><title type='text'>CONGO : Appel à la solidarité internationale</title><content type='html'>SITUATION AU NORD-KIVU, REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO:&lt;br /&gt;APPEL À LA SOLIDARITE INTERNATIONALE&lt;br /&gt;NON A LA GUERRE !&lt;br /&gt;OUI À LA VIE ET À LA SOUVERAINETÉ ALIMENTAIRE !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Confédération Paysanne du Congo, COPACO-PRP, organisation membre de la Via Campesina en Afrique, lance un appel à la solidarité internationale au vu de la situation de conflit armé et d’insécurité qui s’est intensifiée ces dernières semaines dans la province du Nord Kivu, dans le nord-est du pays, à la frontière avec le Rwanda.&lt;br /&gt;Les victimes de ce conflit armé entre troupes régulières congolaises et groupes rebelles sont les populations civiles innocentes, obligées à fuir leurs maisons et leurs terres, à errer sur les routes et à se rassembler, dans le meilleur des cas, dans des camps de réfugiés. Il y aurait déjà plus d’un million de déplacés et trois millions de morts dans la région, en proie à l’insécurité depuis presque 15 ans déjà.&lt;br /&gt;Dans ce contexte de guerre et d’impunité, les femmes sont régulièrement violées, le viol étant considéré comme une arme de guerre comme une autre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ces populations sont majoritairement des familles entières, paysans et paysannes qui aujourd’hui n’ont plus accès à leur champs, élevages et cultures et ne peuvent pas retourner chez elles. De plus, considérés armes blanches, leurs outils de travail tels que la houe et la machette sont confisqués.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous, paysans et paysannes du Congo, avons besoin de champs de manioc ! Nous n’avons pas besoin de champs de mines ni de guerres !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cette guerre est clairement aussi une atteinte à la souveraineté alimentaire de ces familles et du pays dans son ensemble. Obligeant les paysannes et paysans à fuir et à quitter leurs terres, et par conséquent à ne plus pouvoir cultiver leurs champs selon le calendrier agricole, c’est à l’aide alimentaire internationale, souvent aux mains des transnationales de l’agro-alimentaire que l’on ouvre la porte sans vergogne, au nom de la soi-disant sécurité alimentaire et de l’aide internationale !&lt;br /&gt;A l’heure de la crise alimentaire mondiale, nous réaffirmons que l’Afrique en général, et le Congo en particulier, peuvent se nourrir eux-mêmes !&lt;br /&gt;Cette guerre contribue à la disparition accélérée des paysannes et paysans, et à celle de l’agriculture paysanne !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous, Confédération paysanne du Congo, lançons donc un appel à la solidarité internationale, auprès de tous les membres de la Via Campesina, mais aussi auprès de tous nos amies et amis, en Afrique et dans le monde.&lt;br /&gt; Vous pouvez adresser vos messages de solidarité aux paysannes et paysans de l’Est du Congo touchés par cette guerre infâme, à copacoprp@yahoo.fr et/ou à vcafrica@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt; Nous vous demandons aussi d’adresser des messages aux ambassade de RDC dans vos pays, à celles du Rwanda, ainsi qu’à l’ONU – qui a une mission de maintien de la paix au Congo – afin que des mesures d’urgence soient prises pour la protection des populations civiles innocentes, paysans et paysannes pour la plupart, et pour que cessent les viols impunis contre nos femmes. Que des mesures soient prises aussi pour permettre à ces familles paysannes déplacées de retourner chez elles et de reprendre leurs travaux agricoles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POUR LA SOUVERAINETE ALIMENTAIRE ! ACTION ET UNITE DES PEUPLES !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GLOBALISONS LA LUTTE ! GLOBALISONS L’ESPOIR !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contacts : &lt;br /&gt;COPACO-PRP, Nathanael Buka, porte-parole national, Tel : +243 81 16 48 430, copacoprp@yahoo.fr&lt;br /&gt;COPACO-PRP, Alphonsine Nguba, membre du CCI de la Via Campesina, Tel : +243 99 46 42 963, ngubaalpha@yahoo.fr &lt;br /&gt;Renaldo Chingore João, UNAC, Mozambique, membre du CCI de la Via Campesina, renaldo.unac@gmail.com &lt;br /&gt;Ibrahima Coulibaly, CNOP, Mali, Membre du CCI de la Via Campesina, i_ibracoul@yahoo.fr&lt;br /&gt;Fatimatou Hima, Plateforme Paysanne du Niger, Membre du CCI de la Via Campesina, fatimatou3@caramail.com&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-2957222291995648394?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/2957222291995648394/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=2957222291995648394' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/2957222291995648394'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/2957222291995648394'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/12/congo-appel-la-solidarit-internationale.html' title='CONGO : Appel à la solidarité internationale'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-6218243235722307850</id><published>2008-12-09T09:56:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-12-09T09:58:51.581+02:00</updated><title type='text'>CONGO : Call for International Solidarity</title><content type='html'>SITUATION IN THE NORTH KIVU, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO:&lt;br /&gt;CALL FOR INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY&lt;br /&gt;NO TO WAR!&lt;br /&gt;YES TO LIFE AND TO FOOD SOVEREIGNTY!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Confédération Paysanne du Congo (Peasant Confederation of Congo), COPACO-PRP, member of La Via Campesina in Africa, launches an appeal for international solidarity, given the armed conflict and insecurity situation that has intensified in the last weeks in the Northern province of Kivu, on the border with Ruanda.&lt;br /&gt;The victims of this armed conflict between regular Congolese troops and rebel groups are the innocent civil populations, forced to leave their houses and fields, forced to wander along the roads and to join the refugee camps, in better cases.&lt;br /&gt;They are already a million of displaced people and three million dead in the region, victims of insecurity for more than fifteen years now.&lt;br /&gt;In this war and impunity context, women are regularly violated, where violation is regarded as a battle weapon like any other one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These populations are, in their majority, whole families, of peasant men and women that today are prevented from accessing their fields, their cattle, their crops, and cannot return to their homes. Besides, their working tools such as hoe and machete are confiscated, regarded as cold-steel. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We, peasant men and women of Congo, want cassava fields!&lt;br /&gt;We do not want mine fields neither wars!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This war is clearly also a hazard to Food Sovereignty of these families and of the country as a whole. Forcing the peasant men and women to leave their fields, and therefore, preventing them from tilling them (the fields) in accordance with the agricultural calendar, the door thus being opened shamelessly for international food aid, which often  is in the hands of the transnational companies of the agro-food sector, and all this in the allegedly called food security and international aid!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the hour of worldly food crisis, we reaffirm that Africa in general, and Congo particularly, can feed themselves! This war contributes to the accelerated disappearance of peasant men and women, and of peasant agriculture, at the same time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the reason why we, from Confédération Paysanne de Congo, launch an appeal for international solidarity, towards all Via Campesina members and all our friends, in Africa and in the whole world. &lt;br /&gt; Solidarity messages to peasant men and women of Eastern Congo, whom are affected by this infamous war, can be sent to copacoprp@yahoo.fr and/or to vcafrica@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt; We ask that messages be also sent to DRC embassies in your countries, of Rwanda, and to United Nations Organization, UN, which handles the peacekeeping duty in Congo – so that measures are undertaken for protecting innocent civil populations, the majority of which are  peasant men and women, so that unpunished violations against women are stopped. Measures must also be undertaken that will enable these displaced peasant families to return to their homes, and engage in their agricultural activities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FOOD SOVEREIGNTY NOW! WITH THE UNITY AND STRUGGLE OF THE PEOPLES!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GLOBALIZE STRUGGLE! GLOBALIZE HOPE!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contacts : &lt;br /&gt;COPACO-PRP, Nathanael Buka, national spokesperson, Tel : +243 81 16 48 430, copacoprp@yahoo.fr&lt;br /&gt;COPACO-PRP, Alphonsine Nguba, ICC member of La Via Campesina, Tel : +243 99 46 42 963, ngubaalpha@yahoo.fr &lt;br /&gt;Renaldo Chingore João, UNAC, Mozambique, ICC member of La Via Campesina, renaldo.unac@gmail.com &lt;br /&gt;Ibrahima Coulibaly, CNOP, Mali, ICC member of La Via Campesina, i_ibracoul@yahoo.fr&lt;br /&gt;Fatimatou Hima, Plateforme Paysanne du Niger, ICC member of La Via Campesina, fatimatou3@caramail.com&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-6218243235722307850?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/6218243235722307850/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=6218243235722307850' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6218243235722307850'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6218243235722307850'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/12/congo-call-for-international-solidarity.html' title='CONGO : Call for International Solidarity'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-7715383063196003048</id><published>2008-11-21T11:57:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-21T12:01:30.745+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Não se pergunta a um escravo se ele quer ser livre</title><content type='html'>Entrevista com Ismael Ossemane&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por Sílvia Alvarez &lt;br /&gt;De Maputo, Outubro 2008 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um dos fundadores da UNAC (União Nacional de Camponeses), e militante ativo na construção da Moçambique pós-independência, Ismael Ossemane dá uma aula sobre a história do país que é sede da 5ª Conferência Internacional da Via Campesina, que acontece desde o dia 16, em Maputo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ossemane conta que quando das negociações e conversas entre a Frelimo (Frente de Libertação Moçambicana) e os colonos portugueses, estes sugeriram que fosse feito um referendo para perguntar à população moçambicana se queriam permanecer ou não uma colônia de Portugal. A proposta foi imediatamente recusada por Samora Machel, então líder da organização. "Não se pergunta a um escravo se ele quer ser livre", foi a resposta dada por Machel, que seguiu com a luta armada até que os Portugueses aceitessem que Moçambique tinha o dereito de ser independente sem pre condição, o que aconteceu em 7 de setembro de 1974, data que passou a ser celebrada em Moçambique como o dia da liberdade. A Indepêndencia acontece depois a 25 de junho de 1975. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hoje, a Frelimo é o partido que está no poder em Moçambique, mas com novas características. "Eles dizem que a Frelimo é a mesma. Mas nós temos olhos para ver e corpo pra sentir o que se passa", disse.  Ossemane militou no partido como secretário provincial de políticas econômicas. Mais tarde foi transferido para o Comitê Central para assumir o programa de socialização do campo. Quando percebeu que o projeto revolucionário já não existia no partido, pediu demissão, foi para o campo e ajudou a construir a UNAC. Atualmente, ocupa o cargo de presidente da mesa da Assembléia Geral desta entidade. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veja a entrevista&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Quem foi Samora Machel e qual o legado deixado por ele?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eu não participei da luta armada, mas sei que Samora Machel deu um grande impulso à guerrilha. Ele era um jovem moçambicano nacionalista que aderiu ao movimento de libertação de Moçambique e fez parte do primeiro grupo que recebeu treinamento na Argélia. Por sua grande capacidade de liderança, logo se tornou um comandante muito importante para a concretização da independência do país. Penso que, naquela altura, a liderança tinha que estar com um homem muito ligado às forças populares de libertação. Seria difícil um intelectual, mesmo revolucionário, liderar a luta armada. Ele transformou a luta armada em uma luta popular. E depois da independência, foi um bom comandante, mesmo sem ter uma grande formação acadêmica. Ele era un homen muito inteligente. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Qual foi a participação e importância da Frelimo na luta pela independência? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Frelimo passou por transformações ao longo deste processo. Em um determinado momento, existiam duas posições dentro da organização: a revolucionária e uma outra que se chamou de reacionária. A certa altura começaram a acontecer as zonas libertárias, onde a administração portuguesa não entrava. Foi preciso formar uma administração da Frelimo nesses lugares. Os cargos da Frelimo eram misturados com pessoas dessas duas correntes, até que ficou claro a posição da organização como revolucionária, principalmente quando Samora Machel torna-se um dos líderes da Frelimo. &lt;br /&gt;Alguns dos chamados reacionários formariam depois a Renamo (Resistência Nacional Moçambicana). Que hoje tornou-se o principal partido de oposição. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Conte um pouco sobre como se deu o processo da independência&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em 74, o exército colonial português recuou. Não quiseram mais a guerra. Eles dizem que foi por causa das negociações, mas para nós, os militares perceberam que estavam derrotados no campo de batalha, que os filhos dos portugueses estavam morrendo. Então, começam as negociações. Um pouco difíceis, porque as novas autoridades portuguesas queriam um referendo para perguntar ao povo moçambicano se queriam a independência. Mas Samora Machel bateu o pé. A nossa luta continuou e em setembro de 1974 firmaram-se os acordos. Nesse mesmo dia, aqui em Maputo, teve um levantamento da comunidade portuguesa reacionária, eles até tomaram uma rádio, mas durou pouco tempo. O novo governo português não deu apoio (o governo depois do Estado Novo) e as populações aqui no subúrbio começaram a se organizar. Três dias depois, os portugueses saíram em debandada. Então dá-se a independência e seguimos uma linha socialista. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quais foram os benefícios do socialismo para a população Moçambicana? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Imediatamente começaram grandes programas de massa. Na educação, por exemplo, sobretudo na questão da alfabetização, porque tínhamos mais de 90% da população sem saber ler e escrever, aconteceram grandes campanhas. Nacionalizou-se a saúde que passou a estar a serviço do povo. Aconteceram campanhas também de vacinação para as crianças. &lt;br /&gt;Nacionalizaram também os prédios de rendimento. Os moçambicanos não precisavam mais pagar aluguel, e isso levou a população negra a entrar na cidade de Maputo. Antes era uma cidade colonial só de brancos, enquanto os negros viviam nas periferias. A nacionalização transformou Maputo em uma cidade africana. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Porque a revolução fracassou? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quando Ian Smith apoderou-se do governo da Rodésia (atual Zimbabwe) ilegalmente, a ONU não reconheceu o novo governo e mandou aplicar sanções. No entanto, ninguém as aplicava. Mas quando Moçambique fica independente resolve cortar relações diplomáticas e econômicas com a Rodésia. Mas isso custou muito à Moçambique porque tínhamos ligações econômicas com eles. A ONU também havia prometido um apoio para quem aplicasse as sanções que nunca deu. Então a Rodésia, com o apoio da Renamo, da África do Sul, e por dissidentes da Frelimo resolve entrar em guerra com Moçambique. E eles tinham um aparato militar muito grande. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Qual foi o principal erro cometido pelo partido depois da independência?&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nós cometemos alguns erros dentro da revolução. Aconteceu aquilo que podemos chamar de esquerdismo. Primeiro, começamos a hostilizar a religião. Não só as que vieram de fora, mas também as próprias tradições da população, as crenças. A poligamia, que era tradicional, também foi condenada. Depois hostilizamos também os líderes tradicionais, aqueles que eram agentes do colonialismo, mas tinham poder e legitimidade com o povo. Utilizamos a estratégia errada, transformamos o povo em inimigo da revolução. Acabamos por empurrar o povo para ser base da burguesia. Ela então se apropriou das falhas de Frelimo, falava em "liberdade religiosa, liberdade das tradições", quando o objetivo deles não era essa liberdade de religião... &lt;br /&gt;Então a situação era: estávamos numa crise econômica, a falência da União Soviética, a queda do muro de Berlim, o povo estava morrendo. Então em 86 aderimos a abertura do mercado, pegamos receitas do FMI e do Banco Mundial. A princípio isso era uma estratégia. Dar um passo atrás para avançar depois. No entanto, começamos a perceber que aqueles que eram militantes da revolução estavam se transformando em agentes do capitalismo. Muitos enriqueceram da noite para o dia. Esse foi o pior golpe que sofremos. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;E hoje, qual é a situação política e econômica de Moçambique?&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Temos hoje uma economia política neoliberal que em nada favorece o povo. Recebemos muito dinheiro internacional que supostamente é para apoiar as comunidades, assim como os programas governamentais. Mas é para apoiar, numa perspectiva capitalista, principalmente no campo, como forma de ganhar a base. O sistema capitalista precisa ter alguns na base que defendam o modelo. É uma estratégia. Os portugueses fizeram isso com os líderes tradicionais, como te falei. Estes líderes recebiam alguns benefícios e eram os primeiros a defender o regime colonial. Alem disso, só dar o dinheiro não resolve. Temos que capacitar. Mas o governo não capacita e aí diz "nós já fizemos tudo por essas comunidades. Já demos dinheiro. Eles é que não tem capacidade, não são empreendedores".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depois dos acordos de paz ou mesmo durante a guerra, muitas ONG´s deram apoio humanitário, como roupas, comida. O que verificamos nisso é que grande parte (não todos), dos projetos das ONG´s é uma repetição da implementação das políticas a que me referia. São desenhadas de uma forma que, na minha análise, em vez de terem um impacto no desenvolvimento das comunidades, têm maior impacto na maneira das pessoas pensarem. Elas ficam cada vez mais dependentes de projetos. Acaba um projeto e já pedem outro. &lt;br /&gt;Sem perceber, estão tornando o país vulnerável para que as grandes empresas dos países que doam esse dinheiro possam entrar aqui em Moçambique. A população não percebe que há um preço que pagamos. O país fica nas mãos das grandes empresas estrangeiras, com a cumplicidade das elites nacionais. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Perante esta situação, como a UNAC se organiza? Como combatem esse modelo? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A UNAC tem feito debates, reuniões, ligações com movimentos internacionais, como a Via Campesina, para tentar encontrar soluções perante a realidade da pobreza Moçambicana. Estamos fazendo cursos de formação, inclusive com a ajuda de movimentos sociais brasileiros, tentando conscientizar as pessoas, para que fique claro quando estes projetos estão nos ajudando ou nos cooptando. &lt;br /&gt;Então a UNAC tem um grande trabalho de, nesse contexto, nessa realidade, conseguir levar um desenvolvimento sustentável.Também pressionamos as autoridades para determinado tipo de política, por exemplo. Aqui em Moçambique não temos tanto problema de sem-terras como no Brasil. Mas a reforma agrária não pede ser vista só como distribuição da terra. O que adiante ter terra, mas não ter crédito, e outras condições? Vão te tirar a terra depois. Dirão que os camponeses não estão aproveitando da melhor maneira a terra e a entregarão às multinacionais. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como a crise mundial e a alta do preço dos alimentos tem afetado os trabalhadores de Moçambique? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O nosso campo não depende muito do mercado para ter alimentação. A população produz a sua alimentação. O problema é que ela produz com muita dificuldade. E não lhe resta dinheiro para comprar outras coisas como caderno para os filhos, remédios, etc. O camponês é pobre. Nas zonas urbanas, onde um trabalhador ganha um salário mínimo de menos de 50 dólares, a vida também é muito difícil. Muitas vezes ele se mantém porque a família que está no campo lhe manda algum alimento. &lt;br /&gt;Agora, com o mercado livre e o desenvolvimento da África do Sul, a produção do interior de Moçambique não chega à cidade de Maputo. Os custos do transporte aumentam muito o preço do alimento que vai vender. Os produtos da África do Sul chegam a um preço baixo, e com uma embalagem bonita. Então é difícil você aumentar a produção quando não tens mercado. Isso ajuda as empresas a encontrarem espaço para incentivar a monocultura como o algodão e o tabaco, porque essas empresas garantem essa comercialização. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;O senhor disse que grandes líderes tornaram-se agentes do capital. A Frelimo seria também um agente do capitalismo hoje? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dizer que no partido só há agentes do capitalismo pode ser injusto. Mas quando temos dentro do partido pessoas influentes, de peso, que são grandes capitalistas, podemos ter uma idéia do que é o projeto do partido.  Mas não podemos pegar um partido com milhares de membros e dizer que todos são agentes. Muita gente ainda acredita em uma transformação. &lt;br /&gt;Por exemplo, essa escola onde estamos (Escola do partido Frelimo) foi construída logo após a independência e era onde se dava a consciência do proletariado, do camponês. Eu mesmo fiz curso aqui. Mas se tu me perguntas o que acontece aqui hoje em dia, eu não sei. Esta sendo útil agora porque conseguimos esse espaço para fazer a Conferência, mas tirando isso, eu não sei. &lt;br /&gt;Além disso, a Frelimo que era um partido de operários e camponeses, com aliança com intelectuais, hoje se diz que é de operários, camponeses, burgueses, agentes econômicos..tudo! Não sei se historicamente somos capazes de misturar esses tipos de pessoas com interesses completamente diferentes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Existe uma esquerda intelectual hoje em Moçambique?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As pessoas estão traumatizadas, desanimadas. Quando entramos com um discurso como o da UNAC e o da Via Campesina, ainda te toleram, mas dizem "bom, essa gente não deve andar muito bem da cabeça" ou dizem que somos românticos, algo assim. O capitalismo usa um discurso de que está provado que os regimes socialistas são fracassados. A universidade também está influenciada pelo modelo capitalista. Então o jovem que sai da universidade sai esquematizado dentro do modelo. Há alguns intelectuais que nos apóiam, mas que às vezes acham nosso discurso muito radical. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Quais são as perspectivas para o futuro de Moçambique?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A perspectiva é má. Mas também é verdade que durante esses anos que entramos no capitalismo – que não são muitos – já começam a haver algumas frustrações, como jovens desempregados, por exemplo. Começam a verificar que o capitalismo não é tudo isso que a propaganda diz. Em fevereiro desse ano, houve uma mobilização popular por conta do aumento do preço dos combustíveis, que pegou as autoridades de surpresa. Então há uma base inconformada. A dinâmica do insucesso do capitalismo, da exploração dessas elites, pode desencadear, gradualmente, uma consciência que pode engrossar nossa luta. Mas temos que saber que ainda somos uma minoria&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-7715383063196003048?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/7715383063196003048/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=7715383063196003048' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7715383063196003048'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7715383063196003048'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/no-se-pergunta-um-escravo-se-ele-quer_21.html' title='Não se pergunta a um escravo se ele quer ser livre'/><author><name>Via Campesina Africa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09282901115772698850</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-5081754076368502673</id><published>2008-11-21T10:39:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-21T10:41:36.907+02:00</updated><title type='text'>5ª Conferência da Via Campesina: Crise o quê</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Por Nico Bakker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Respostas práticas à crise de fome e outras crises por camponeses organizados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Em 2005 durante as manifestações que ajudaram descarrilar as negociações da OMC em Cancum, o camponês Koreano Lee Kyung Hae se matou, em protesto contra a OMC e impelido pelo desespero causado pelos efeitos da OMC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;No dia 23 de Outubro, depois da ceremónia em homenagem ao camponês Lee Kyung Hae jantámos. Sentado ao lado dum agricultor familiar americano e de um camponês Indiano, acompanho a conversa deles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Discutem assuntos de produtores. "Quantas cabeças de gado tem?" (o Indiano 5, o Americano 38, mas este diz que existem fazendas industriais de 10.000 cabeças), ou "que parte do preço ao consumidor fica contigo", ou "Quantos litros de leite as suas vacas produzem em média?". Apesar das diferenças (começando pela maneira de falar inglês) estão muito animados e parecem estar a aprender muito um com o outro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Isso é a 5ª Conferencia Internacional da Via Campesina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Mais que 400 camponeses delegados juntaram-se na Matola para a assembleia da sua organização mundial. Num mundo atingido por 4 crises simultáneas: uma crise de fome, uma crise de energia, a crise da mudança climática e uma crise financeira os camponeses reuniram-se também para analisar como estas crises afectam a vida dos camponeses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;A primeira coisa que se nota, e que é essencial para a credibilidade e o sucesso da organização, é o esforço de coerência entre as políticas e as práticas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Por exemplo, procurou-se garantir ao máximo a representação das mulheres (por exemplo, cada região da organização é representada no Conselho Coordenador Internacional por uma mulher e um homem). Um outro exemplo é a tentativa de alimentar os participantes com produtos locais, através das uniões, embora, infelizmente, tal não tenha sido possível porque o gerente do sítio o proibiu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Também notável é o facto de a conferência não ter sido dominada por peritos e técnicos, com um ou outro camponês marginalizado de lado. Este é um encontro de verdadeiros camponeses, especicialistas da sua própria machamba e vida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Neste contexto, encontro Alphonsine N'guba, membro duma cooperativa perto de Kinshasa. A sua cooperativa tem 40 membros e é membro da Confederação Camponesa do Congo (COPACO- PRP). A COPACO-PRP junta criadores de animais, pescadores,agricultores, horticultores e piscicultores em 452 organizações. Alphonsine acabou de ser eleita para o Comité International de Coordenação da Via Campesina representando a região da África Austral e Central. Ela mostra-se bastante contente com a conferência, principalmente com o destaque dado à situação das mulheres porque, como diz :"não se pode falar de agricultura sem falar de mulheres". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Quando ela não está ocupada organizar o movimento, ela cultiva 3 machambas com canteiros onde produz muita coisa diferente (amaranto, quiabo, batata doce,pimento, tomate, aipo, beringela, pepino, mandioca, milho e mais).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;A maior parte da produção é vendida mas não sem primeiro separar-se a alimentação da família, "onde é que estamos, não tem falta de comida". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Já não usa produtos químicos porque descobriu que estragam o solo e são caros. Agora só usa fertilizantes naturais. Ela notou que o tempo está mudando, com mais calor e chuvas mais tardias que, quando caem, caem com força, causando cheias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Enquanto está a tentar entender o novo padrão climático, acha muito injusto sofrer destes problemas do calor e das cheias que são causados pela poluição &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;originada em sítios que não têm nada a ver com ela, mas afectam directamente a sua produção.Contudo, o seu problema principal é a comercialização. Agora ela vende através da cooperativa que ajuda a baixar os custos, mas os mercados de Kinshasa estão cheios de produtos baratos de fora, baixando os preços, enquanto ela tem despesas altas por causa do transporte e das"taxas" ilegais que são exigidas por todo tipo de "autoridade".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Irène Anex, duma cooperativa ecológica perto de Genebra, é nova na Via Campesina. Mas o que ela notou é que, apesar de tantas diferenças, "os problemas são os mesmos em todo o lado". Irène trabalha com dois colegas num hectare de terra alugada para produzir hortículas e verduras. 130 membros pagam os custos de produção da sua cooperativa "Uniterre", inclusive o vencimento da Irène e dos seus colegas. Além de pagar os custos, os membros também trabalham algumas horas por mês na cooperativa. Muitos membros estão interessados em agricultura orgánica por motivos de saúde, mas o dia-a- dia na cooperativa abre os olhos para outras questões. Nas conversas tidas enquanto estão a trabalhar a terra, fala-se e ensina-se, como trabalhar a terra, mas também se fala sobre ecologia, política agrícola etc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;A forma como&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;a cooperativa é organizada é uma resposta prática às crises e um reflexo das políticas promovidas pela Via Campesina. "Produzimos primeiramente para comermos. Como os membros não precisam de comprar as verduras na loja, não sentem tanto a subida dos preços (toda a produção é distribuida igualmente entre os 130 membros). Também precisamos de menos dinheiro para produzir jáque não compramos fertilizantes químicos e pesticidas. Ao mesmo tempo, não se gasta muito combustível porque os membros ficam perto da cooperativa. Irene tem um interesse particular pelas sementes . A situação na Suiça não está&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;muito má,mas no resto da Europa há cada vez mais regras para impedir os agricultores de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;guardar sementes e obrigando-os a comprá-las nas multinacionais. As leis dificultam&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;a salvaguarda das sementes locais e a diversidade de sementes que é preciso para uma produção ecológica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Sago Indra é um camponês e um organizador em Sumatra, na Indonésia. "Primeiro temos que recuperar a terra"&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;afirmou ele. Embora Sago tenha um hectare de arroz e um hectare onde cultiva uma grande variedade de hortculas e verduras, a maioria dos camponeses não tem terra. Ele dá aos amigos que o ajudam na machamba &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;a metade da colheita do arroz porque ele está muito ocupado a organizar as comunidades Terrenos cada vez maiores são dados em concessão às empresas multinacionais,obrigando os camponeses a sair e causando uma subida dos preços da terra. Com a nova moda dos agrocombustíveis, as políticas do governo favorecem ainda mais as empresas grandes. Por exemplo, recentamente, o governo deu 200.000 hectares para uma plantação de palmeiras para óleo, aumentando ao mesmo tempo o prazo da concessão de 30 anos para 99 anos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;"Sentimos o impacto das crises: por exemplo, petróleo para os candeeiros é muito mais caro agora. Mesmo assim, nós, produtores ecológicos, estamos melhores que os outros camponeses que estão a ficar cada vez mais desesperados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Produzimos para as nossas famílias primeiro, gastando pouco dinheiro em comida.Depois, não usamos adubos químicos ou pesticidas, cujos preços subiram de 50 a 150% no ano passado. Ainda por cima, usamos as nossas sementes locais, o que faz com que não precisamos de comprar sementes nas empresas multinacionais."Porém, o tempo está mudando; agora é dificil saber quando vai chover e "se vamos ter que depender de irrigação, os nossos custos vão aumentar mais ainda".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Alphonsine, Irène e Sago salientam a importância da conferência, não só ao nível político (por exemplo, lutar contra as multinacionais), mas também para trocar experiências sobre, por exemplo, como desenvolver acções de&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;mobilização que se podem tentar aplicar em casa. Segundo Sago, é claro que a Via Campesina se fortaleceu ao longo dos anos, tanto a nível dos membros como a bível da estrutura e da organização. Alphonsine enfatiza a importância de analisar bem as propostas e não perder a independência : uma vez uma empresa propôs para produzir Aloe Vera, mas depois uma reflexão profunda, descobriu que ela ia perder se deixasse a sua maneira de produzir e passasse a produzir só Aloe Vera. Para este tipo de reflexões, a conferência atingiu o seu objectivo, tanto nas conversas nos jantares, como nos muitos encontros oficiais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;O que é aVia Campesina? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;A Via Campesina é o movimento mundial de camponeses e produtores familiares organizados. As organizações de camponeses encontram-se em todo o mundo..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Por motivos práticos são organizadas em 9 regiões (Europa, América do Norte, Caraíbes, América Central, América do Sul, África Austral e Central, África Oeste e Norte, Asia do Sul e Asia do Sul-este).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;A Via Campesina foi criada em 1993 na Bélgica e neste momento tem 150 membros em 75 países.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;O objetivo principal da Via Campesina é desenvolver a solidariedade e unidade entre camponeses e promover a equidade de género e justiça social com relações&lt;br /&gt;económicas justas., a conservação de todos os recursos naturais (água, terra,semente, floresta) e agricultura sustentável baseada nos pequenos produtores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;A Via Campesina introduziu o conceito de Soberania Alimentar. Soberania Alimentar quer dizer o direito de camponeses e de comunidades de saberem como produzir e o que produzir para alimentar as suas famílias e as suas comunidades e o direito de governos de desenvolverem políticas agrícolas que sirvam objectivo.Para tal, é essencial que o projecto neo-liberal dos últimos 20 anos, tão popular nos governos do mundo e que é a causa principal das 4 crises simultâneas, seja&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;combatido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Apesar de serem chamadas de radicais, sonhadoras e irracionais, as políticas da Via Campesina mostram agora não só&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;serem visionárias, mas necessárias num mundo assolado por&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;crises de fome, de energia, financeira e de mudança climática. Porque infelizmente ainda há pessoas que pensam como o antigo presidente Bill Clinton pensava: "pensavamos que os produtos agrícolas fossem como televisores ou qualquer outra mercadoria em vez de tratá-los como vitais &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Para os pobres do mundo."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Nico Bakker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Oxfam Solidariedade Bélgica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-5081754076368502673?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/5081754076368502673/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=5081754076368502673' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/5081754076368502673'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/5081754076368502673'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/5-conferncia-da-via-campesina-crise-o_21.html' title='5ª Conferência da Via Campesina: Crise o quê'/><author><name>mazivile</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-6395824103640219509</id><published>2008-11-21T10:36:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-21T10:39:02.561+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Vth Conference of La Via Campesina: Crisis, what is it?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;By Nico Bakker&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;After the ceremony commemorating the Korean farmer Lee Kyung Hae, who in defiance and despair killed himself at the manifestations, which helped to derail the WTO negotiations in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Cancun&lt;/st1:place&gt;, we have dinner. I am sitting next to an American farmer discussing cattle and milk production with an Indian farmer. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The conversation unfolds as a question and answer game, where maximum surprise is the premium. "How many heads of cattle do you have" (Indian farmer 5, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;US&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; farmer 38, "but", he adds, "in the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; we have industrial farms of 10.000 heads), or "what percentage of the retail price do you get", or "what fat percentage does your milk have?"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The answer is followed by an effort to explain the differences. Despite the huge differences, starting with the way they speak English, they seem to learn a lot from each other and at the same time enjoy themselves enormously.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;This is the 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; International Conference of La Via Campesina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Over 400 farmers gathered on the outskirts of &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Maputo&lt;/st1:City&gt; in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Mozambique&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; for the general assembly of their global organisation and analyse how the present world situation, struck with a quadruple whammy of Food Crisis, Energy Crisis, Climate Crisis and Financial Crisis, is affecting their way of life.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;When at the conference, the first thing which strikes, and which is essential for its credibility and success, are the efforts the movement makes to be coherent in its political, organisational and practical work. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;So processes are in place to try to ensure maximum women's representation and overall participation. Another example is the effort made to feed the participants local food from the Mozambican farmers organisations (which unfortunately fell through as the manager of the location at the last moment didn't allow for it) in accordance with policies promoting local production and consumption. Sustainable farming is thus part of an approach and not just something on its own.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Equally striking is, that this is a gathering dominated not by formally trained specialists and technicians with a token farmer at the fringe of the meeting. This is a meeting of real farmers, specialists in their own right, as they know quite well what they are talking about.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;In this context I meet Alphonsine N'guba member of a producers organisation near &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Kinshasa&lt;/st1:City&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;. Her organisation has 40 members and is member of the Confederation Paysanne du Congo (COPACO- PRP). COPACO-PRP unites animal farmers, fisherfolk, horticulturist and fishraisers in 452 producer organisations. Alphonsine was just elected to the International Coordinating Committee of La Via Campesina representing the African Region. She is quite happy with the conference especially with the importance given to women, as she puts it :"you cannot talk about agriculture without talking about women".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;When she is not in the conference or busy organising, she works three pieces of land, where she produces a wide range of products (amaranth, okra, sweet potato, pepper, tomato, celery, aubergine, cucumber, cassava, maize etc).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Most of her produce is marketed, but not after setting aside the food needed for her family. As she puts it "where we are, we have plenty to eat!" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;She doesn't use chemical fertilisers anymore, as they found that this was destroying the soil and costing a lot of money, so now she only uses natural fertiliser. She has been observing that the weather seems to be hotter and rains seem to be coming later, but falling with greater intensity, causing evermore heavy floodings.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;While she is struggling to "read" the new weather patterns in order to adapt her farming, she considers the situation as quite unfair as these changes, directly affecting her production, are caused by pollution she has nothing to do with. Her main problem however is not so much in production but in marketing, as &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Kinshasa&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt; is swamped with cheap imports driving down prices, while the farmers incur high cost, because of poor infrastructure and harassment by all kinds of people extorting "taxes".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Irène Amex from an organic cooperative in &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Geneva&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt; is new to Via Campesina. But what she noticed during the conference is that despite all the differences "the problems are the same everywhere". Irène farms with 2 colleagues one ha. of rented land. 130 people are member of her cooperative, who besides volunteering on the farm, pay Irène and her colleagues as well as the other production costs. The entry point for most members to become interested in organic farming are health concerns, however when working the land "we talk about practical things, how and why to do certain tasks, but from there often wander into ecology or agricultural policy".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The way the cooperative is set up is a very practical answer to the triple crisis and reflects the policies promoted by Via Campesina. "The way we produce, the members have a relation to their food and at the same time their food costs didn't increase that much (all the produced food is equally distributed among the 130 members). Our way of producing is also less capital intensive than conventional farming". At the same time the energy needed for food production and distribution is kept low "we don't use chemical inputs, which require a lot of energy for producing and members just live nearby, keeping fuel costs low". One of her particular interests is seed. Although the situation in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; is not that bad, she observes the evermore bizarre regulation in the rest of &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt; patently favouring big business and undermining mechanisms to maintain local varieties and diversity at farm level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Sago Indra is an organic farmer and organiser in West Sumatra, Indonesia. "Well the first issue is to actually reclaim the land", he says. Although Sago himself has 1 ha of paddy land and 1 ha, where he grows a wide variety of vegetables, a lot of farmers don't have land. Half of the harvest of his paddy land he gives to his friends, who are helping him to work the land as he spends so much time in community organising. Ever larger swaths of land are ceded by the government to multinational companies, pushing farmers out of their communal lands and driving up the prices of land. With the hype of agrofuels, government policies are evermore accommodating big companies, e.g. recently a 200.000 ha lease was given to a palm oil plantation, while the provincial government extended the lease periods from 30 years to 95 years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;We do feel the impact of the crises, for example kerosene (used in candles) is much more expensive now. Still, we organic farmers are better off than conventional farmers, who are becoming quite desperate. First we produce food for the family, keeping our costs of food low. Then we don't use agrochemicals, which prices have hiked by 50 – 150% last year and we use local seeds, so we don't depend on buying seeds from the transnationals". However the changing weather pattern is a problem making it difficult to predict the rains: "If we have to rely on irrigation our production costs will go further up".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Alphonsine, Irène and Sago all stress the importance of the conference, not only on a political level, but also to learn about experiences, in mobilisation for example, which might be tried and adapted to their own situation. According to Sago, it is clear that Via Campesina has become stronger over the years, both its member organisations and its structure. Alphonsine stresses the need to analyse well proposals coming their way, to not loose ones independency: once she was wooed to produce Aloe Vera for some company, but, after careful reflection, found that she would only be loosing out if she were to give up her way of farming for a plantation. For these and other reflections the conference served well, being it over dinner or during the many meetings.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Box: What is Via Campesina?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Via Campesina is a member based movement of independent family farmer organisations. Its members are member based farmer organisations all over the world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;For practical purposes these organisations are organised in 9 regions (Europe, North America, Caribbean, Central America, South America, South and Central Africa, West and Northern Africa, South Asia and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;South East Asia&lt;/st1:place&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Via Campesina was founded in 1993 in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Mons&lt;/st1:City&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Belgium&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; and at the moment has about 150 members in 75 countries, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The central objective of Via Campesina is to develop solidarity and unity among small farmer organizations in order to promote gender parity and social justice in fair economic relations; the preservation of all natural resources (eg land water seeds) and sustainable agricultural production based on small and medium-sized producers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;In this context Via Campesina introduced the concept of Food Sovereignty, meaning the right of farmers, communities and national governments to determine how and what they produce to feed themselves and their communities and the right to put in place adequate policies to this end, without necessarily succumbing to short term profit maximisation and commoditisation which are the mainstay of neo-liberal policies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Thus it is crucial that the neo-liberal project of the last 20 or so years and main culprit of the four coinciding global crises (Energy, Climate, Food and Finance) and so much in vogue for shaping agricultural policies all over the world, is fought. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Albeit being described as too radical, dreamland fantasies and irrational, the policies proposed by Via Campesina prove to be not only visionary, but quite necessary in a world struck with food, energy, climate and financial crises, as even Bill Clinton now admits: "we all blew it, including me," by treating food crops "like colour TVs" instead of as a vital commodity for the world's poor."&lt;a name="11daa94b899f8565_11d94de0dc51be2e_sdfoot"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&amp;amp;view=bsp&amp;amp;ver=1qygpcgurkovy#11daa94b899f8565_11d94de0dc51be2e_sdfootnote1sym"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Nico Bakker&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Oxfam Solidarity &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Belgium&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma;" lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-6395824103640219509?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/6395824103640219509/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=6395824103640219509' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6395824103640219509'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6395824103640219509'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/vth-conference-of-la-via-campesina.html' title='Vth Conference of La Via Campesina: Crisis, what is it?'/><author><name>mazivile</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-8416883980559865459</id><published>2008-11-07T12:50:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-19T16:13:25.625+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='5a Conferencia'/><title type='text'>Carta de Maputo - Declaração final da conferencia internacional da Via Campesina</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="vrhwid"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.unac.org.mz/spip.php?article62" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span  lang="PT" style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;Maputo, Moçambique, 19-22 de Outubro, 2008&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;O mundo inteiro está em crise.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt; Uma crise multi-dimensional. De alimentos, de energia, de clima e de finanças. As soluções que o poder propõe – mais livre comércio, sementes transgênicas, etc – ignoram que a crise resulta do sistema capitalista e do neoliberalismo, e somente aprofundarão seus impactos. Para encontrar soluções reais, temos que olhar para a Soberania Alimentar que propõe a Via Campesina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;Como chegamos na crise?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;Nas últimas décadas vimos o avanço do capitalismo financeiro e das empresas transnacionais, sobre todos os aspectos da agricultura e do sistema alimentar dos países e do mundo. Desde a privatização das sementes e a venda de agrotóxicos, até a compra da colheita, o processamento dos alimentos, e seu transporte, distribuição e venda ao consumidor, tudo já está em mãos de um número reduzido de empresas. Os alimentos deixaram de ser um direito de todos e todas, e tornaram-se apenas mercadorias. Nossa alimentação está senso homogenizada em todo mundo, com alimentos de má qualidade, preços que as pessoas não podem pagar, e as tradições culinárias de nossos povos estão se perdendo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;Também vemos uma ofensiva do capital sobre os recursos naturais, como nunca se viu desde os tempos coloniais. A crise da margem de lucro do capital os lança numa guerra de privatização que que os leva nos expulsar, camponeses, camponesas, comunidades indígenas, roubando nossa terra, territórios, florestas, biodiversidade, água e minérios. Um roubo privatizador. Os povos rurais e o meio ambiente estão sendo agredidos. O semeio de agrocombustíveis em grandes monocultivos industriais também é razão dessa expulsão, falsamente justificada com argumentos sobre crise energética e climática. A realidade detrás destas últimas facetas da crise tem muito mais ver com a atual matriz de transporte de longa distância dos bens, e individualizado em automóveis, do que com qualquer outra coisa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;Com a crise dos alimentos e com a crise financeira, a situação torna-se mais grave. A mesma crise financeira e a crise dos alimentos estão vinculados à especulação do capital financeiro com os alimentos e a terra, em detrimento das pessoas. Agora, o capital financeiro está desesperado, assaltando os erários públicos para seus resgates, os quais obrigarão ainda mais os países a farem cortes orçamentários, condenado-as a maior pobreza e maior sofrimento. A fome no mundo segue a passos largos. A exploração e todas as violências, em especial a violência contra a mulher, espalham-se pelo mundo. Com a recessão econômica nos países ricos, aumenta a xenofobia contra os trabalhadores e trabalhadoras migrantes, com o racismo tomando grandes proporções e com o aumento da repressão. E com o jovens tendo cada vez menos oportunidades no campo. Isso é o que o modelo dominante oferece.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;Ou seja, tudo vai de mal a pior. Contudo, no seio da crise, as oportunidades se fazem presentes. Oportunidades para o capitalismo, que usa a crise para se reinventar e encontrar novas formas de manter suas taxas de lucro, mas também oportunidades para os movimentos sociais, que defendemos a tese de que o neoliberalismo perde legitimidade entre os povos, e que as instituições financeiras internacionais (Banco Mundial, FMI, OMC) estão mostrando sua incapacidade de administrar a crise ( além de serem parte dos motivos da crise), criando a possibilidade que sejam desarticuladas e que outras instituições reguladoras a economia global surjam e que atendam outros interesses. Está claro que as empresas transnacionais são os verdadeiros inimigos. São os que estão por trás de tudo. Está claro que os governos neoliberais não atendem aos interesses dos povos. Também está claro que a produção mundial de alimentos controlada pelas empresas transnacionais , não se faz capaz de alimentar o grande contingente de pessoas neste planeta, enquanto que a Soberania Alimentar baseada na agricultura camponesa local, faz-se mais necessária do que nunca.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;O que defendemos na Via Campesina frente a esta realidade?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;* A soberania alimentar:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt; Renacionalizar e tirar o capital especulativo da produção dos alimentos é a única saída para a crise dos alimentos. Somente a agricultura camponesa alimenta os povos, enquanto o agronegócio produz para a exportação e sua produção de agrocombustíveis é para alimentar os automóveis, e não para alimentar gente. A Soberania Alimentar baseada na agricultura camponesa é a solução para a crise. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;* Frente às crises energéticas e climáticas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt; a disseminação de um sistema alimentar local, que não se baseia na agricultura industrial nem no transporte a longa distância, eliminaria até 40% das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. A agricultura industrial aquece o planeta, em quanto a agricultura camponesa desaquece. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;Uma mudança no padrão do transporte humano &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;para um transporte coletivo e outras mudanças no padrão de consumo, são os passos a mais, necessários para enfrentarmos a crise energética e climática.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt; &lt;b&gt;* A Reforma Agrária genuína e integral&lt;/b&gt;, e a defesa do território indígena são essenciais para reverter o processo de expulsão do campo, e para disponibilizar a terra para a produção de alimentos, e não para produzir para a exportação e para combustíveis. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;*&lt;b&gt; A agricultura camponesa sustentável&lt;/b&gt;: somente a produção camponesa agroecológica pode desvincular o preço dos alimentos do preço do petróleo, recuperar os solos degradados pela agricultura industrial e produzir alimentos saudáveis e próximos para nossas comunidades. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;* O avanço das mulheres é o avanço de todos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt; o fim de todos os tipos de violência para com as mulheres, seja ela, física, social ou outras. A conquista da verdadeira paridade de gênero em todos os espaços internos e instâncias de debates e tomada de decisões são compromissos imprescindíveis para avançar neste momento como movimentos de transformação da sociedade. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;* O direito à semente e à água&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;: a semente e a água são as verdadeiras fontes da vida, e são patrimônios dos povos. Não podemos permitir sua privatização, nem o plantio de sementes transgênicas ou de tecnologia terminator. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;* Não à criminalização dos movimentos sociais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;. Sim à declaração dos Direitos dos Camponeses e Camponesas na ONU, proposta pela Via Campesina. Será um instrumento estratégico no sistema legal internacional para fortalecer nossa posição e nossos direitos como camponeses e camponesas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;* A juventude do campo: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;É necessário abrir, cada vez mais, espaços em nossos movimentos para incorporara força e a criatividade da juventude camponesa, com sua luta para contruir seu futuro no campo. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;* Finalmente, nós produzimos e defendemos os alimentos para todos e todas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"   lang="PT"&gt;Todos e todas participantes da V Conferência da Via Campesina nos comprometemos coma defesa da agricultura camponesa, com a Soberania Alimentar, com a dignidade, com a vida. Nós colocamos à disposição do mundo as soluções reais para a crise global que estamos enfrentando hoje. Temos o direito de continuarmos camponeses e camponesas, e temos a responsabilidade de alimentar nossos povos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;Aqui estamos, nós os camponeses e camponesas do mundo, e nos negamos a desaparecer.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;Soberania Alimentar JÁ! Com a luta e a unidade dos povos!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;"  lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;"   lang="PT"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Globalizemos a luta! Globalizemos a esperança!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-8416883980559865459?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/8416883980559865459/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=8416883980559865459' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/8416883980559865459'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/8416883980559865459'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/carta-de-maputo.html' title='Carta de Maputo - Declaração final da conferencia internacional da Via Campesina'/><author><name>mazivile</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-7962769293156030771</id><published>2008-11-07T12:49:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-19T16:17:55.514+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Open Letter from Maputo: V International Conference of La Vía Campesina</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Peasant Agriculture and Food Sovereignty are Solutions to the Global Crisis&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Maputo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Mozambique&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;, October 19-22, 2008&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The entire world is in crisis, a crisis with multiple dimensions.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;There is a food crisis, an energy crisis, a climate crisis and a financial crisis.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The solutions put forth by Power – more free trade, more GMOs, etc. – purposefully ignore the fact that the crisis is a product of the capitalist system and of neoliberalism, and they will only worsen its impacts.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;To find real solutions we need to look toward Food Sovereignty as put forth by La Via Campesina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;How did we get to this state of crisis?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;In recent decades we have witnessed the advance of finance capital and transnational corporations (TNCs) across all aspects of agriculture and the global food system.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;From the privatization of seeds and the sale of pesticides, to buying the harvests, processing the food, transporting and distributing it, all the way to retail sale to consumers, everything is controlled by a handful of corporations.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Food has gone from being a right of all people, to being just another commodity.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Our diets are being homogenized, with food that is bad for you, is priced out of the reach of most people, and makes us lose the culinary traditions of our peoples.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;At the same time we are witnessing an offensive of capital for the control of natural resources, the likes of which we have not seen since colonial times.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The crisis of the rate of profit has led Capital to launch a privatizing war for the eviction of our peoples, peasants and the indigenous, the theft through privatization of our land, territories, forests, biodiversity, water and mineral resources.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It is an aggression against both rural peoples and the environment.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The planting of large-scale agrofuel monocultures is an aspect of this war of displacement.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It is routinely justified with the false arguments that agrofuels are the solution to the energy and climate crisis.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;But the truth is that the current dependence on long distance transport of goods, and individual transport of people in automobiles instead of mass transportation, have more to do with these crises than anything else.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Now, with the food and financial crises, everything is getting worse. The food crisis and the financial crisis are linked through financial speculation on the prices of food crops and land, to the detriment of people.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Now as the crisis grows, finance capital is more desperate every day, assaulting our government treasuries for their bailouts, which will only force more budget cutting in our countries, and make poverty and suffering even more widespread.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Hunger is continuing to grow in our world. Exploitation and all forms of violence, especially directed at women, are on the rise.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;With the economic recession in rich countries, xenophobia is spreading, with more racism and repression, and the dominant economic model offers ever fewer options to our rural youth.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;In synthesis, things are going from bad to worse.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Nevertheless, we must recognize that like all crises, this one also generates opportunities.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Opportunities for capitalism, which uses crises to reinvent itself and find new sources of profits, but also opportunities for social movements.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Among the latter are the fact that the principal theses of neoliberalism are being stripped of their legitimacy in public opinion, and the fact the international financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, WTO) are proving to be incapable of administering the crisis (in addition being among the cause of the same crisis).&lt;span style=""&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;This creates the opportunity to eliminate them, and create new institutions to regulate the global economy that serve public interests.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It is clearer every day that the TNCs are our real enemies behind these other enemies. It is clearer every day that the neoliberal governments do not serve the interests of their peoples. And it is clearer every day that the global corporate food regime is not capable of feeding the great majority of people on this planet, while Food Sovereignty based&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;on peasant agriculture is more needed than ever.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Facing this reality, what do we defend in La Via Campesina?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Food Sovereignty: getting speculative finance capital out of our food system, and re-nationalizing food production and reserves offer us the only real way out of the food crisis.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Only peasant and family farm agriculture feed people, while agribusiness grows export crops and agrofuels to feed cars instead of human beings.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Food Sovereignty based on peasant and family farm agriculture offers us a way out of this crisis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;As solutions to the energy and climates crises: the dissemination of local food systems, that are not based on long-distance transport nor on industrial agriculture, could eliminate as much as 40% of all greenhouse gas emissions.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Industrial agriculture warms the planet, and peasant agriculture cools the planet. Changes in patterns of transportation for people and patterns of consumption are additional the steps needed to address the energy and climate crises.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Genuine integral agrarian reform and the defense of the territories of indigenous peoples are essential steps to roll back the evictions and displacement in the countryside, and to use our farm land to grow food instead of exports and fuels.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Sustainable peasant and family farm agriculture:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;only agroecological peasant and family farming can de-link food prices from petroleum prices, recover degraded soils, and produce healthy local food for our peoples.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The advance of women is an advance for all: the end of all forms of violence against women, including physical, social and other forms.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Achieving true gender parity in all internal spaces and organs of debate and decision-making, are absolutely essential commitments to advance at this time as social movements toward the transformation of society.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The right to seeds and water:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;seeds and water are sources of life, and are the heritage of our peoples.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We cannot permit their privatization, nor the use of GMOs or of terminator technology.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;No to the criminalization of social protest, yes to the UN Declaration of Peasant Rights, proposed by La Via Campesina.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It will be a key tool in the international legal system to strengthen our position and our rights as peasants and family farmers.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Rural youth:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We urgently need to open ever more spaces in our movement for the incorporation of the creativity and strength of our rural young people, in their struggle to create their future in the countryside.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Finally, we are the women and men who produce and defend the food of all peoples.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;All the participants in the V Conference of La Via Campesina commit ourselves to the defense of peasant and family farm agriculture, food sovereignty, dignity and life.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We offer real solutions the global crisis we face today.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We have the right to continue to exist as peasants and farmers, and we have the responsibility to feed our peoples.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;We are here, the peasants and family farmers of the world, and we refuse to disappear.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Food sovereignty now! Unity and struggle of the people!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Globalize struggle!&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Globalize hope!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-7962769293156030771?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/7962769293156030771/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=7962769293156030771' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7962769293156030771'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7962769293156030771'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/open-letter-from-maputo-v-international.html' title='Open Letter from Maputo: V International Conference of La Vía Campesina'/><author><name>mazivile</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-6468920148043613264</id><published>2008-11-07T12:48:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-19T16:18:55.031+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Lettre de Maputo: Ve Conférence Internationale de La Vía Campesina</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Agriculture Paysanne et Souveraineté Alimentaire face à la crise mondiale&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Maputo, Mozambique, 19-22 octobre 2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Le monde entier est en crise, une crise aux dimensions multiples, à la fois alimentaire, énergétique, climatique et financière. Les solutions offertes par le pouvoir – plus de libre échange, semences transgéniques, etc.- ignorent que la crise est le produit du système capitaliste et du néolibéralisme et elles en aggraveront les impacts. Pour trouver de véritables solutions, il vaut mieux se tourner vers la souveraineté alimentaire que propose La Via Campesina.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Comment en est-on arrivés à cette crise?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Au cours des dernières décennies, nous avons vu l’avancée du capital financier et des entreprises multinationales, dans tous les aspects de l’agriculture et du système alimentaire des pays du monde entier. De la privatisation des semences et la vente d’agro-toxiques jusqu’à l’achat des récoltes, la transformation des aliments et leur transport, leur distribution et leur vente aux consommateurs, tout est entre les mains d’une poignée d’entreprises. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Les aliments sont passés de l’était de droit pour toutes et tous à celui de simple marchandise. Les régimes alimentaires s’homogénéisent partout dans le monde, avec des aliments qui sont mauvais pour la santé, à des prix hors de portée des gens, entraînant la perte des traditions culinaires de nos peuples.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Nous assistons à une offensive du capital sur les ressources naturelles comme nous n’en avions pas vu depuis les temps coloniaux. La crise du taux de profit du capital les a poussés à lancer une guerre du secteur privé pour nous dépouiller, paysannes, paysans et indigènes. Nous assistons également au vol par le secteur privé de la terre, du territoire, des forêts, de la biodiversité, de l’eau et des minerais. Les peuples ruraux et l’environnement sont agressés. Les plantations d’agrocarburants sur de grandes surfaces de monocultures industrielles font partie de ce dépouillement, justifié par des arguments fallacieux sur les crises énergétiques et climatiques. La réalité cachée derrière cela est liée avec le système actuel de transport des biens sur de longues distances et le transport individualisé en automobiles, entre autres choses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Aujourd’hui, l’apparition de la crise alimentaire et de la crise financière fait que tout s’aggrave. Cette même crise financière et les crises des aliments sont liées par la spéculation du capital financier sur les aliments et la terre, au détriment des gens. En ce moment, le capital financier revient plus désespéré et s’en prend aux biens publics pour son sauvetage, ce qui va conduire à des coupes budgétaires supplémentaires dans les pays et à plus de pauvreté et de souffrance. La faim dans le monde continue à croître. L’exploitation et toutes les formes de violence, notamment envers les femmes, augmentent. Avec la récession économique dans les pays riches, la xénophobie à l’encontre des travailleurs et travailleuses migrants augmente, tout comme le racisme et la répression. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Enfin, le modèle dominant offre toujours moins d’opportunités pour la jeunesse dans les campagnes.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Pour synthétiser, tout va de mal en pis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Cependant, comme toute crise, des opportunités se font jour. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Des opportunités pour le capitalisme qui utilise la crise pour se réinventer et trouver de nouvelles sources de profit mais également pour les mouvements sociaux. Ainsi, il est clair que les thèses du néolibéralisme sont illégitimes pour les peuples et que les institutions financières internationales (Banque mondiale, FLMI, OMC) démontrent leur incapacité à gérer la crise (en plus d’être à l’origine de cette même crise). Cela donne l’opportunité de les éliminer afin de construire d’autres institutions de régulation de l’économie mondiale qui ne servent pas d’autres intérêts. Il est bien clair que les entreprises multinationales sont les véritables ennemis qui se cachent derrière ces institutions. Il est bien clair que les gouvernements néolibéraux ne servent pas les intérêts de leurs peuples. Il est bien clair également que le régime mondial des aliments contrôlés par les entreprises multinationales n’est pas capable de nourrir la population mondiale alors que la souveraineté alimentaire fondée sur l’agriculture paysanne locale est plus que jamais nécessaire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Que défendons-nous au sein de La Vía Campesina face à cette réalité?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La souveraineté alimentaire : Mettre un terme au capitalisme financier et renationaliser la production et les réserves d’aliments constituent la seule issue à la crise alimentaire. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Seule l’agriculture paysanne nourrit les peuples, alors que l’agrobusiness produit des exportations et des agrocarburants pour alimenter les automobiles en lieu et place des hommes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La souveraineté alimentaire fondée sur l’agriculture paysanne offre la solution à la crise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Face aux crises énergétiques et climatiques : la mise en place d’un système alimentaire local qui ne soit fondé ni sur l’agriculture industrielle, ni sur le transport sur de grandes distances, éliminerait jusqu’à 40% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;L’agriculture industrielle réchauffe la planète et l’agriculture paysanne refroidit la planète. Un changement des modes de transport, passant du transport individuel au transport collectif et un changement des modes de consommation constituent les étapes supplémentaires nécessaires pour faire face aux crises énergétiques et climatiques.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La réforme agraire véritable et intégrale et la défense du territoire indigène sont essentiels pour inverser le dépouillement des campagnes et pour que la terre serve à produire des aliments plutôt que des exportations et des carburants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;L’agriculture paysanne durable : seule la production paysanne agroécologique peut déconnecter le prix des aliments du prix du pétrole, restaurer les sols dégradés par l’agriculture industrielle et produire des aliments sains et proches de nos peuples.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;L’avancée des femmes est l’avancée de tous : la fin de tout type de violence envers les femmes, notamment physique, sociale et autres. La réalisation d’une véritable parité dans tous les espaces internes et les instances de débat et de prise de décision constituent des engagements obligatoires pour avancer en ce moment en tant que mouvements de la transformation sociale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Le droits aux semences et à l’eau : Les semences et l’eau sont les sources de la vie et constituent le patrimoine des peuples. Nous ne pouvons pas permettre leur privatisation ni accepter les semences transgéniques ou de technologie Terminator.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Non à la criminalisation de la contestation sociale, oui à la Déclaration des Droits des Paysannes et des Paysans à l’ONU proposée par La Via Campesina. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Il s’agira d’un instrument essentiel dans le système légal international pour renforcer notre position et nos droits en tant que paysans et paysannes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;La jeunesse dans les campagnes : Il est urgent d’ouvrir toujours plus les espaces dans notre mouvement pour l’incorporation de la force et de la créativité de la jeunesse paysanne, avec sa lutte pour se construire un avenir dans les campagnes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Finalement, nous, hommes et femmes, produisons et défendons les aliments de toutes les femmes et de tous les hommes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Nous, tous les participants et participantes de la V Conférence de La Vía Campesina, nous nous engageons à défendre l’agriculture paysanne, la souveraineté alimentaire, la dignité et la vie. Nous offrons des solutions réelles à la crise mondiale qu’affronte le monde aujourd’hui. Nous avons le droit de continuer à être des paysans et nous avons la responsabilité de nourrir nos peuples.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Nous sommes les paysans et les paysannes du monde et nous refusons de disparaître.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Pour la souveraineté alimentaire! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Unité et mobilisation des peuples!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Globalisons la lutte! ¡Globalisons l’espoir!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-6468920148043613264?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/6468920148043613264/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=6468920148043613264' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6468920148043613264'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/6468920148043613264'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/lettre-de-maputo-ve-confrence.html' title='Lettre de Maputo: Ve Conférence Internationale de La Vía Campesina'/><author><name>mazivile</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-4305818484220253354</id><published>2008-11-07T12:46:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-19T16:16:34.884+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Carta de Maputo : V Conferencia Internacional de la Vía Campesina</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="PT" style="font-size:16;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Agricultura Campesina y Soberanía Alimentaria Frente a la Crisis Global&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span  lang="PT" style="font-size:16;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Maputo, Mozambique, 19-22 de Octubre, 2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="PT" style="font-size:16;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;El mundo entero está en crisis, una crisis de dimensiones múltiples, una crisis de alimentos, de energía, del clima y de las finanzas.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Las soluciones que nos ofrecen desde el poder – mas libre comercio, semillas transgénicas, etc. - ignoran que la crisis es producto del sistema capitalista y del neoliberalismo, y solo profundizarán sus impactos.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Para encontrar soluciones reales, mas bien hay que mirar hacía la soberanía alimentaria que propone la Vía Campesina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Como llegamos a la crisis?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;En las últimas décadas hemos visto el avance del capital financiero y de las empresas transnacionales, sobre todos los aspectos de la agricultura y del sistema alimentario de los países y del mundo.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Desde la privatización de las semillas y la venta de agrotóxicos, hasta la compra de la cosecha, el procesamiento de los alimentos, y su transporte, distribución y venta al consumidor, todo está ya en manos de un número reducido de empresas.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Los alimentos han pasado de ser un derecho de todos y todas,&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;a ser una mercancía más.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Se están homogenizando nuestras dietas en todo el mundo, con alimentos que son malos para la salud, tienen precios fuera del alcance de la gente, y estamos perdiendo las tradiciones culinarias de nuestros pueblos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;A la vez estamos viendo una ofensiva del capital sobre los recursos naturales, como no se había visto desde tiempos coloniales.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;La crisis de la tasa de ganancia del capital los lanza a una guerra privatizadora de despojo contra nosotros y nosotras, campesinos e indígenas, un robo privatizador de la tierra, el territorio, los bosques, la biodiversidad, al agua y la minería.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Los pueblos rurales y el medio ambiente están siendo agredidos.&lt;span style=""&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;La siembra de agrocombustibles en grandes monocultivos industriales es parte de este despojo, justificado falsamente con argumentos sobre las crisis energéticos y climáticos. La realidad detrás de estas últimas facetas de la crisis tiene mucho mas que ver con la matriz actual de transporte a larga distancia de bienes, e individualizado en automóviles, que con otra cosa.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Ahora el surgimiento de la crisis de alimentos y la crisis financiera hace que todo se agudiza. La misma crisis financiera y las crisis de alimentos están vinculados por la especulación que hace el capital financiero con los alimentos y la tierra, en detrimento de la gente. Ahora el capital financiero se vuelve mas desesperado, asaltando los erarios públicos para sus rescates, los cuales van a obligar a todavía mayores recortes presupuestarios en los países, y mayor pobreza y sufrimiento.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;El hambre en el mundo sigue su ritmo de crecimiento. La explotación y todas las forma de violencia, en especial contra las mujeres, aumentan.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Con la contracción económica en los países ricos, crece la xenofobia en contra de los trabajadores y trabajadoras migrantes, con creciente racismo y represión, y el modelo dominante ofrece cada vez menos oportunidades para la juventud en el campo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;En síntesis, todo va de mal en peor.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Sin embargo, como toda crisis, genera oportunidades.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Oportunidades para el capitalismo, que usa la crisis para reinventarse y encontrar nuevas fuentes de ganancias, pero también oportunidades para los movimientos sociales.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Entre los últimos se ubican el hecho que las tesis del neoliberalismo están quedando sin legitimidad con los pueblos, y el hecho de que las instituciones financieras internacionales (Banco Mundial, FMI, OMC)&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;están mostrando su incapacidad de administrar la crisis (además de estar entre las causas de la misma crisis), creando la oportunidad para eliminarlos y construir otras instituciones de regulación de la economía global que sirven otros intereses.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Está quedando claro que las corporaciones transnacionales son los verdaderos enemigos que están detrás de aquellos. Está quedando claro que los gobiernos neoliberales no sirven los intereses de sus pueblos. También está quedando claro que el régimen mundial de alimentos controlados por las empresas transnacionales, no es capaz de alimentar a la gran masa de personas en esta planeta, mientras que la soberanía alimentara basada en la agricultura campesina local es mas necesario que nunca.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Que defendemos en la Vía Campesina frente esta realidad?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La soberanía alimentaria: echando al capital especulativo fuera de los alimentos, y re-nacionalizando la producción y las reservas de alimentos, se ofrecería la única salida de la crisis alimentaria.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Solo la agricultura campesina alimenta a los pueblos, mientras que el agronegocio produce productos de exportación y agrocombustibles para alimentar a los automóviles en lugar de los seres humanos.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;La soberanía alimentaria basada en la agricultura campesina ofrece la solución a las crisis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Frente a las crisis energéticas y climáticas: la diseminación de un sistema alimentario local, que no se basa ni en la agricultura industrial ni en el transporte a larga distancia, eliminaría hasta un 40% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. La agricultura industrial calienta al planeta, y la agricultura campesina enfría al planeta. Un cambio en el patrón de transporte humano hacía el transporte colectivo, y otros en los patrones de consumo, son los pasos adicionales necesarios para hacernos frente a las crisis energéticas y climáticas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La reforma agraria genuina e integral, y la defensa del territorio indígena: son esenciales para revertir el despojo en el campo, y para poner la tierra a producir alimentos en lugar de exportaciones y combustibles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La agricultura campesina sostenible: solo la producción campesina agroecológica puede desvincular el precio de los alimentos del precio de petróleo, recuperar los suelos degradadados por la agricultura industrial, y producir alimentos sanos y cercanos para nuestros pueblos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;El avance de las mujeres es el avance para todos: El fin de todos los tipos de violencia hacía la mujer, incluyendo la física, la social y otras.&lt;span style=""&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;El alcance de la verdadera paridad de género en todos los espacios internos e instancias de debates y toma de decisiones son compromisos imprescindibles para avanzar en este momento como movimientos de transformación de la sociedad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;El derecho a la semilla y al agua:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;La semilla y el agua son las fuentes de la vida, y son patrimonios de los pueblos.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;No podemos permitir su privatización, ni la siembre de semillas transgénicas o de tecnología terminator.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;No a la criminalización de la protesta social, si a la Declaración de Derechos Campesinos en la ONU, propuesta por la Vía Campesina. Será una herramienta clave en el sistema legal internacional para fortalecer nuestra posición y nuestros derechos como campesinos y campesinas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La juventud en el campo:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Urge abrir cada vez mas espacios en nuestro movimiento para la incorporación de la fuerza y creatividad de la juventud campesina, con su lucha por construir su futuro en el campo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Finalmente, nosotros y nosotras producimos y defendemos los alimentos de todos y todas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Todos y todas los participantes en la V Conferencia de la Vía Campesina nos comprometemos a la defensa de la agricultura campesina, a la soberanía alimentaría, a la dignidad y a la vida.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Nosotros y nosotras ofrecemos soluciones reales a la crisis global que enfrenta el mundo de hoy. Tenemos el derecho de seguir siendo campesinos y campesinas, y tenemos la responsabilidad de alimentar a nuestros pueblos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Aquí estamos los campesinos y campesinas del mundo, y nos negamos desaparecer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Soberanía alimentaria YA! Con la lucha y la unidad de los pueblos!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;¡Globalicemos la lucha! ¡Globalicemos la esperanza!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-4305818484220253354?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/4305818484220253354/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=4305818484220253354' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/4305818484220253354'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/4305818484220253354'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/carta-de-maputo-v-conferencia.html' title='Carta de Maputo : V Conferencia Internacional de la Vía Campesina'/><author><name>mazivile</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-5082167216739199838</id><published>2008-11-07T12:44:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-19T16:20:09.511+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Declaração de Maputo : V Conferência Internacional da Via Campesina</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Maputo, Moçambique, 19-22 octobre 2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Soberania alimentar, já! Com a luta e a unidade dos povos! &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Somos gentes da terra, homens e mulheres que produzem os alimentos para o mundo. Temos o direito de continuarmos sendo camponeses e camponesas, e a responsabilidade de continuar alimentando a nossos povos. Cuidamos das sementes que são a vida, e para nós, o ato de produzir alimento é um ato de amor. A humanidade precisa de nós e nos negamos a desaparecer.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Nós, a Via Campesina, um movimento mundial de organizações de mulheres rurais, camponeses, camponesas, pequenos agricultores e agricultoras, trabalhadores e trabalhadoras do campo, povos indígenas, afrodescendentes, e juventude rural da Ásia, Europa, América e África, nos reunimos em Maputo, Moçambique, e 19 a 22 de Outubro de 2008, em nossa V Conferência Internacional. Fomos recebidos de maneira calorosa, fraternal e combativa por nossos anfitriões, a União Nacional de Camponeses (UNAC) de Moçambique.Nos reunimos para reafirmar nossa determinação de defender a agricultura camponesa, nossas culturas e nosso direito de continuar existindo como povos com identidade própria. Somos mais de 550 pessoas, incluindo mais de 325 delegados e delegadas de 57 países, representando centenas de milhões de famílias camponesas. Nós mulheres representamos mais da metade das pessoas que produzem alimentos no mundo,e aqui realizamos, com energia e determinação, nossa Terceira Assembléia Mundial das Mulheres. Nós jovens, também realizamos nossa nossa Segunda Assembléia de Jovens da Via Campesina, já que a participação decisiva da Juventude garante tanto o presente como o futuro do campo. Nesta V Conferência Internacional também ratificamos a 41 organizações como novos membros da Via Campesina, e contamos com participação de muitas organizações e movimentos aliados de to o mundo, em nossa Primeira Assembléia com os Aliados da Via Campesina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Quatro anos de lutas e vitórias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Na V Conferência Internacional revisamos nossas principais lutas, ações e atividades desde a IV Conferência Internacional, que se realizou em Itaici, Brasil, em junho de 2005. Entre elas se destacaram as mobilizações massivas contra a OMC, contra os Tratados de Livre Comércio (TLCs) em diversas partes do mundo, e contra o G8 em Rsotock e Hokkaido. Em 2005 La Via Campesina esteve muito presente na jornada de luta frente a Conferência da OMC em Hong Kong, participando assim na mais recente das ações contínuas, com a qual os movimentos sociais temos mantido paradas as negociações nas conferências da OMC desde Seattle em 1999. Também tivemos papéis centrais em outras mobilizações contra a OMC, desde Genebra até a India.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Em 2007 organizamos, com nossos principais aliados, o Fórum Internacional Sobre a Soberania Alimentar, em Nyéleni, Mali. Este foi um momento crucial na construção de um grande movimento global pela Soberania Alimentar. Participaram em torno de 500 delegados e delegadas dos mais importantes movimentos sociais de todo o mundo, e se definiu uma agenda estratégica e de ação para os próximos anos. Tanto antes como depois de Nyéléni, organizamos muitas reuniões nacionais e regionais sobre a Soberania Alimentar. Nos últimos anos conseguimos que vários países, entre eles Equador, Bolívia, Nepal, Mali, Nicarágua e Venezuela, se incorporasse ao conceito de Soberania Alimentar em suas constituições e/ou leis nacionais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Através de nossa Campanha Global pela Reforma Agrária, expressão de nossas lutas pela terra e em defesa do território, co-organizamos o Fórum Social Mundial da Reforma Agrária em Valência, Espanha em 2004, y em 2006 organizamos a Reunião Internacional dos Sem Terra em Porto Alegre, Brasil, antes da Conferência Internacional sobre Reforma Agrária e Desenvolvimento Rural (CIRADR) da FAO. Então, participamos das mobilizações do 8 de Março das mulheres do Brasil contra o deserto verde de Eucalipto da transnacional Aracruz em 8 de março, e no Foro Paralelo, conquistando importantes avanços na posição dos governos. Em 2007, organizamos, em Nepal, a Conferência Internacional sobre Soberania Alimentar, Reforma Agrária e Direitos Camponeses.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Em 2004 organizamos uma festa global de intercâmbio de sementes, dentro do contexto de nossa IV Conferência. Em 2005 organizamos o Seminário Internacional sobre Sementes “Liberar a Diversidade”, como parte e nossa luta global a favor das sementes camponesas e contra os transgênicos e a tecnologia terminator. A Via Campesina do Brasil organizou contundentes mobilizações durante a Conferência da Convenção da Diversidade Biológica (COP-8) em março de 2006 em Curitiba, Brasil. Sobre os mesmos temas tivemos importantes atividades em Mysore, Índia nesse mesmo ano, e em 2008 em Bonn, Alemanha e na França, onde com uma greve de fome ajudou fortemente a conseguir a proibição do milho transgênico da Monsanto. No Brasil em 2007, Keno, um grande lutador, foi assassinado por um pistoleiro contratado pela Syngenta, mas um ano depois conseguimos que Syngenta tivesse que entregar ao governo sua área ilegal de experimentação dos transgênicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;A Via Campesina junto com outros movimentos sociais organizou “a aldeia da solidariedade” de forma paralela à Conferência Sobre o Cambio Climático que a ONU organizou em Bali, Indonésia (2007),onde avançamos com o argumento de que a agricultura camponesa esfria o planeta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Em 2008 organizamos em Jacarta, Indonésia, uma conferência internacional centrada em nossa proposta para uma Declaração Internacional dos Direitos dos Camponeses e Camponesas. Anterior à conferência internacional se organizou a Assembléia das Mulheres sobre os Direitos dos Camponeses e Camponesas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;O compromisso solidário da Via campesina foi evidenciado em 2004 com nosso esforço global para canalizar ajuda alternativa às vítimas do Tsunami, em 2007 com três delegações presentes em reuniões com Zapatistas no México, e todos os anos com ações importantes de solidariedade com lutadores e lutadoras vítimas da criminalização dos protestos sociais em todos os continente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;O deslocamento de povos rurais como conseqüência do modelos neoliberal, está provocando o movimento massivo de pessoas, convertendo-se em um tema crítico para a Via Campesina. Desde 2004 elaboramos nossas estratégias e ações sobre estes temas em nossa nova Comissão de Trabalho sobre Migração e Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras Rurais. Realizamos diversas ações contra o muro da vergonha que constroem os Estados Unidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;De povo a povo, de país a país, realizamos lutas da Via Campesina. Nosso movimento está em quase todas as partes do mundo, onde o neoliberalismo está sendo imposto aos camponeses e às camponesas e povos rurais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;A luta da Via campesina inspira, estimula e gera a resistência de movimentos sociais contra as políticas neoliberais. Aumenta os países nos quais os governos progressistas assumem o poder como resultados de anos de mobilização. E, inclusive, um bom número de governos locais e nacionais acentuaram sua resistência e seu interesse na pauta da Soberania Alimentar, como resultado da mobilização popular y como resposta à crise global do preços dos alimentos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;A ofensiva do capital sobre o campo, as crises múltiplas, e a expulsão dos povos camponeses e indígenas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;No contexto global atual estamos enfrentando a convergência entre uma crise dos alimentos, uma crise climática, uma crise energética e uma crise financeira. Estas crises têm origens comuns no sistema capitalista, e mais recentemente na des-regularização desenfreada de seus respectivos âmbitos da atividade econômica, como parte do modelo neoliberal, que prioriza o comércio e a ganância. Nas zonas rurais do mundo, vemos uma ofensiva feroz do capital e das empresas transnacionais sobre a a agricultura e os bens naturais (água, florestas, minérios, biodiversidade,terra, etc.), que se traduz em uma guerra de expulsão contra os povos camponeses e indígenas, usando falsos pretextos como os argumentos errôneos que defendem os agrocombustíveis como uma solução para as crises climáticas e energéticas, quando na verdade é exatamente o contrário. Quando os povos exercem seus direitos e resistem às expulsões generalizadas, ou quando são obrigados a ingressar nos fluxos migratórios, a resposta tem sido mais criminalização, mais repressão, mais presos políticos, mais assassinatos, mais muros da vergonha e mais bases militares.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Declaração dos Direitos dos Camponeses e Camponesas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Vemos a futura Declaração dos Direitos dos Camponeses e Camponesas da ONU como uma ferramenta estratégica no sistema legal internacional para fortalecer nossa posição e nossos direitos como camponeses e camponesas, por isto estamos lançando também a Campanha Mundial por uma Declaração dos Direitos dos Camponeses e Camponesas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Soberania Alimentar: a solução das crises, e a vida de los povos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Entretanto, a situação atual da crise também é uma oportunidade, porque a Soberania Alimentar oferece a única alternativa real tanto para a vida dos povos, como para reverter as crises. A Soberania Alimentar responde à crise dos alimentos, com produção camponesa local; às crises climáticas e energéticas, atacando duas das principais fontes de emissão de gases de efeito estufa, o transporte de alimentos em larga distância e a agricultura industrializada,e para amenizar uma vertente da crise financeira, proíbe-se a especulação dos alimentos. O modelo dominante significa crise e morte, e a Soberania Alimentar é a vida e a esperança para os povos rurais e também para a população consumidora. A Soberania Alimentar requer a proteção e a re-nacionalização dos mercados nacionais de alimentos, promoção dos ciclos locais de produção e consumo, a luta pela terra, a defesa dos territórios dos povos indígenas , e a Reforma Agrária integral. Baseia-se também na mudança do modelo produtivo para uma produção agroecológica e sustentável, sem pesticidas e sem transgênicos; e no conhecimento camponês e indígena. Com princípio geral, a Soberania Alimentar se constrói com base em nossas experiências concretas em nível local, ou seja, do local ao nacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;A crise causa sofrimento incalculável entre nossos povos, e corrói a legitimidade do modelo neoliberal do “livre comércio”. E alguns governos locais, estatais e nacionais mais progressistas começaram a buscar soluções alternativas. Na Via Campesina devemos ser capazes de aproveitar estas oportunidades.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Temos que desenvolver uma metodologia de trabalho que inclui o diálogo crítico e construtivo, para obter êxitos na implementação da Soberania Alimentar com estes governos. Também devemos aproveitar espaços internacionais de “outra integração”, como ALBA e Petrocaribe, para avançar neste terreno. Mas não podemos somente aposta nos governos. Mas devemos construir a Soberania Alimentar de baixo para cima nos territórios e outros espaços controlados por movimentos populares, povos indígenas, etc. Já está na hora da Soberania Alimentar. Temos que tomar a iniciativa para avançar sobre este terreno em todos os países. Nós os camponeses e camponesas do mundo podemos e queremos alimentar o mundo, a nossas famílias, nossos povos, com alimentos saudáveis e acessíveis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;As empresas multinacionais e o livre comercio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Nossa reflexão nos deixou a clareza de que as empresas multinacionais e financeiras são um de nossos inimigos comuns mais importantes, e que temos quefazer lutas cada vez mais diretamente sobre elas. Inclusive são elas que estão detrás dos outros inimigos dos camponeses e camponesas, como o Banco Mundial, o MFI, a OMC, os TLCs e a EPAs, os governos neoliberais, e o expressionismo econômico agressivo, o imperialismo e o militarismo. Agora é também o momento para redobrar nossa luta contra os TLCs e EPAs, e contra a OMC, mas agora com uma sinalização mais clara do papel central das multinacionais. O avanço das mulheres é o avanço da Via Campesina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Um tema ficou muito claro em nossa V Conferência: que todas as formas de violência que enfrentam as mulheres em nossas sociedades – entre elas a violência física, a econômica, a social, a machista, a de diferenças de poder,e cultural – estão também presentes nas comunidades rurais e por fim em nossas organizações. E isto, além de ser uma imensa fonte de injustiça, também limita a capacidade de nossas lutas. Reconhecemos a relação íntima entre o capitalismo, o patriarcado, o machismo, e o neoliberalismo com seus preconceitos contra a camponesas do mundo. Nós, todos e todas, mulheres e homens, da Via Campesina, nos comprometemos de forma responsável por construir novas e melhores relações humanas entre nós como parte necessária da construção das novas sociedades que aspiramos. Por isso, na V Conferência tomamos a decisão de romper o silêncio e lançamos a Campanha da Via Campesina “Pelo Fim da Violência Contra As Mulheres”. Nos comprometemos, outra vez e com mais força a meta de alcançar a complexa, mas necessária, paridade de gênero real em todos os espaços e instâncias de participação, análises, debates e decisões na Via Campesina, e fortalecermos o intercâmbio, coordenação e solidariedade entre as mulheres de nossas regiões.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Reconhecemos o papel central da mulher na agricultura de auto-suficiência alimentar, e a relação especial das mulheres com a terra, com a vida e com as sementes. Além disso, as mulheres são e sempre foram parte determinante na construção da Via Campesina desde o seu início. Se não vencermos a violência contra as mulheres dentro de nossos movimentos, não avançaremos em nossas lutas, e se não constituirmos novas relações de gênero, não poderemos construir uma nova sociedade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Não estamos sós: a construção das alianças&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Nós, os camponeses e camponesas, não podemos vencer sozinhos nossas lutas pela dignidade, por um sistema alimentar e agrário mais justo, e dessa forma o outro mundo melhor que é possível. Temos que construir e reforçar alianças orgânicas e estratégicas com os movimentos sociais e organizações que compartem nossa visão e isto é um compromisso especial da V Conferência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;A juventude nos dá a esperança para um mundo melhor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;O modelo dominante no campo não oferece nenhuma opção para a juventude, e isso é uma razão muito importante para mudá-lo. Os jovens e as jovens são nossa base tanto para o presente como para o futuro, assim que nos comprometemos com sua plena inserção e participação criativa em todos os níveis de nossas lutas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;A formação para o fortalecimento de nossas lutas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Para que tenhamos êxitos e vitórias em nossas lutas, temos que nos dedicar ao fortalecimento interno de nossos movimentos, através da formação política para aumentar nossa capacidade coletiva de analisar e transformar nossas realidades, a capacitação, e melhorar a comunicação e articulação entre nós e nossos aliados.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Diversidade e unidade na defesa da agricultura camponesa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Como movimento social internacional, podemos dizer que uma de nossas maiores forças é que somos capazes de unir diferentes culturas e modos de pensar em função de uma mesma luta. A Via Campesina representa um compromisso comum de resistir e lutar pela vida e pela agricultura camponesa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;Todos os participantes da V Conferência da Via Campesina nos comprometemos a defender os alimentos e a agricultura camponesa, a Soberania Alimentar, a dignidade e a vida. Aqui estamos, os camponeses e camponesas do mundo, e nos negamos a desaparecer.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="spip" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Globalizemos a luta! Globalizemos a esperança! &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-5082167216739199838?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/5082167216739199838/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=5082167216739199838' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/5082167216739199838'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/5082167216739199838'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/declarao-de-maputo-v-conferncia_07.html' title='Declaração de Maputo : V Conferência Internacional da Via Campesina'/><author><name>mazivile</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-7792477131067191252</id><published>2008-11-07T12:41:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-19T16:21:06.910+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Declaration of Maputo: V International Conference of La Via Campesina</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Thursday, 23 October 2008&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Maputo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Mozambique&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;, October 19-22, 2008&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Food Sovereignty now! Unity and struggle of the people! &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;We are men and women of the earth, we are those who produce food for the world.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We have the right to continue being peasants and family farmers, and to shoulder the responsibility of continuing to feed our peoples.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We care for seeds, which are life, and for us the act of producing food is an act of love.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Humanity depends on us, and we refuse to disappear.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;We, La Via Campesina, are a worldwide movement of rural women, peasants and family farmers, farm workers, indigenous peoples, rural youth and afro-descendents from Asia, Europe, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;America&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and Africa, gathered together in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Maputo&lt;/st1:city&gt;,  &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Mozambique&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; from October 19 to 22, 2008, for our V International Conference.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We were received in a warm and fraternal fashion by our hosts, the National Union of Peasants (União Nacional de Camponeses/UNAC) of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Mozambique&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. We met to reaffirm our determination to defend peasant and family farm agriculture, our cultures and our right to continue to exist as peoples with our own identity.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We are more than 550 people, including more than 325 men and women delegates, from 57 countries, representing hundreds of millions of farming families.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We women represent more than half of the people producing food in the world and here we celebrate with energy and determination our Third Worldwide Assembly of Women.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We are also celebrating our Second Youth Assembly of La Via Campesina, since only with the decisive participation of youth can a present and a future for rural areas be guaranteed.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In this V International Conference we also ratified 41 organizations as new members of La Via Campesina, and we have the participation of many organizations and allied movements from all over the world, in our First Assembly with the Allies of Via Campesina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Four years of struggle and Victories&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;In this V International Conference we have evaluated our main struggles, actions and activities since the IV International Conference that took place in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Itaici&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Brazil&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, in June of 2004.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Among them we highlighted the massive mobilizations against the WTO, against Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in different parts of the world, and against the G8 in &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Rostock&lt;/st1:city&gt; and &lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Hokkaido&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In 2005 La Via Campesina was very present in the days of struggle against the WTO Summit in Hong Kong, thus participating in the most recent of the actions with which we social movements have paralyzed the negotiations at WTO summits since &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Seattle&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; in 1999.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We have also played central roles in other mobilizations against the WTO over the last 4 years, from &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Geneva&lt;/st1:city&gt; to &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;India&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;In 2007 we organized, with our principal allies, the International Forum on Food Sovereignty in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Nyéléni&lt;/st1:city&gt;,  &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Mali&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;. This was a crucial moment in the building of a broad and global movement for Food Sovereignty.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;More than 500 delegates from the most important social movements of the planet participated, and we defined a strategic agenda for the coming years.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Both before and after Nyéléni we organized many national and regional meetings on Food Sovereignty.&lt;span style=""&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;In recent years we have been able to get the concept sovereignty incorporated in national constitutions and/or laws in countries like &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Ecuador&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Bolivia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Nepal&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Mali&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Nicaragua&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Through our Global Campaign for Agrarian Reform, which is the expression of our struggles for land and&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;in defense of territory, we co-organized the World Forum for Agrarian Reform in Valencia, Spain in 2004, and in 2006 we organized the International Meeting of the Landless in Porto Alegre, Brazil, before the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ICARRD) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN).&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;There we participated in the Brazilian women’s mobilizations against the 'green deserts' of Eucalyptus monocultures of the TNC Aracruz, on March 8, and in the Parallel Forum, achieving important advances in the positions of the governments.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In 2007 in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Nepal&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; we organized the International Conference on Food Sovereignty, Agrarian Reform and Peasant Rights.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;In 2004 we held an international fair for exchange of local seed varieties, in the context of our IV Conference in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Brazil&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. In 2005 we organized the International Conference on Seeds called “Liberate Diversity,” as part of our global struggle in favor of peasant seeds and against GMOs and terminator technology.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Via Campesina &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Brazil&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; organized powerful mobilizations during the International Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP-8) in March, 2006 in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Curitiba&lt;/st1:city&gt;,  &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Brazil&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We had major activities on these same issues in &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Mysore&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;India&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; that same year, and in 2008 in &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Bonn&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, and in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; where our hunger strike was key to achieving prohibition of Monsanto’s GMO maize.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Brazil&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; in 2007, Keno, a leader of the MST, was assassinated by a gunman hired by Syngenta; but one year later we forced Syngenta to hand illegal areas used for GMO experimentation over to the government.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;La Via Campesina, together with other social movements, organized the “&lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Solidarity&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;Village&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;” as a parallel event to the Conference on Climate Change that the UN organized in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Bali&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; (2007), where we advanced the argument that peasant agriculture cools the planet.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;In 2008 in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Jakarta&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, we organized an international conference focused on our proposal for an International Declaration of Peasant Rights.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Prior to this international conference we held an Assembly of Women on the Rights of Peasants.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The commitment to solidarity of La Via Campesina was made evident in 2004 with our global efforts to channel alternative aid to the victims of the Tsunami, in 2007 with three delegations to meetings with the Zapatistas in Mexico, and every year with important actions in solidarity with those who are being victimized by the criminalization of social protest on all continents.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The displacement of rural peoples as a result of the neo-liberal model is provoking the mass movement of peoples, turning migration into a critical issue for Via Campesina.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Since 2004 we have been developing strategies and actions on migration in our new International Working Group on Migration and Rural Workers.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We have undertaken major actions against the 'wall of shame' being built in the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;United States&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;From town to town and country to country, we have taken up the struggles of La Via Campesina.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Our movement is present in almost every place on the Earth, wherever neo-liberalism is being imposed on peasants and rural communities.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The struggle of La Via Campesina inspires, stimulates and generates resistance by social movements against neo-liberal policies.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The number of countries with progressive governments is on the rise, gaining power as a result of years of popular mobilizations.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;A good number of local and national governments have accentuated their resistance, and their interest in the agenda of Food Sovereignty, as a result of popular mobilizations and as a response to the global crisis of the food prices.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The offensive of capital in the countryside, the multiple crises, and the displacement of peasant and indigenous peoples&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;In the current global context we are confronting the convergence of the food crisis, the climate crisis, the energy crisis and the financial crisis.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;These crises have common origins in the capitalist system and more recently in the unrestrained de-regulation in various spheres of economic activity, as part of the neo-liberal model, which gives priority to business and profit.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In the rural zones of the world, we have seen a ferocious offensive of capital and of transnational corporations (TNCs) to take over land and natural assets (water, forests, minerals, biodiversity, land, etc.), that translates into a privatizing war to steal the territories and assets of peasants and indigenous peoples. This war uses false pretexts and deliberately erroneous arguments, for example to claim that agrofuels are a solution for the climactic and energy crises, when the truth is exactly the opposite.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Whenever peoples exercise their rights and resist this generalized pillage, or when they are obliged to join migrant flows, the response is always more criminalization, more repression, more political prisoners, more assassinations, more walls of shame and more military bases.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Declaration of Peasant Rights&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;We see a future UN Declaration of Peasant Rights as a key tool in the international legal system to strengthen our position and our rights as peasants and family farmers.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;For this reason we are launching the Global Campaign for a Declaration of Peasant Rights.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Food Sovereignty: the solution to the crisis, and for the life of peoples&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Nevertheless, the current situation of crisis is also an opportunity, because Food Sovereignty offers the only real alternative both for the life of peoples, as well as for reversing the current global crises.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Food Sovereignty responds to the food, climate and energy crises with local food grown by peasants and family farmers, attacking two of the principle sources of greenhouse gas emissions, the long distance transportation of foods and industrialized agriculture. It also offers relief to a particularly nefarious aspect of the financial crisis, by prohibiting speculation in food futures contracts.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;While the dominant model truly means crisis and death, Food Sovereignty means the life and hope of the rural peoples and of consumers.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Food Sovereignty requires the protection and re-nationalization of national food markets, the promotion of local circuits of production and consumption, the struggle for land, the defense of the territories of indigenous peoples, and comprehensive agrarian reform.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It is also based on the transformation the production model toward agro-ecological and sustainable farming, without pesticides and without GMOs, based on the knowledge of peasants, family farmers and indigenous peoples. As a general principle, Food Sovereignty is built on the basis of our concrete local experiences, in other words, from the local to the national.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The crisis is causing incalculable suffering among our peoples and has eroded the legitimacy of the neo-liberal model of "free trade," such that some progressive local, state and national governments have begun to seek alternative solutions.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In La Via Campesina we must be capable of taking advantage of these opportunities.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;We have to develop a working methodology that includes critical and constructive dialog to achieve successful cases of implementation of Food Sovereignty with these governments.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We also need to take advantage of international spaces of “alternative integration," such as ALBA and Petrocaribe, to advance in this terrain.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;But we must not only bet on governments, but rather build Food Sovereignty from below in the territories and other spaces controlled by popular movements, indigenous peoples, etc. &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;The time has come for Food Sovereignty and we need to take the initiative to make progress in all of our countries.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We peasants and family farmers of the world can and want to feed the world, our families and our communities, with healthy and accessible foods.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Multinational corporations and free trade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Our reflections have made it clear to us that multinational corporations and international finance capital are our most important common enemies, and that as such, we have to bring our struggle to them more directly.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;They are the ones behind the other enemies of peasants, like the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the FTAs and EPAs, neoliberal governments, as well as aggressive economic expansionism, imperialism and militarism.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Now is also the time to redouble our struggle against FTAs and EPAs, and against the WTO, but this time more clearly indicating the central role played by the TNCs.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The advance of women is the advance of La Via Campesina&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;One issue was very clear in this V Conference, that all the forms of violence that women face in our societies -among them physical, economic, social, cultural and macho violence, and violence based on differences of power - are also present in rural communities, and as a result, in our organizations.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This, in addition to being a principal source of injustice, also limits the success of our struggles.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We recognize the intimate relationships between capitalism, patriarchy, machismo and neo-liberalism, in detriment to the women peasants and farmers of the world.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;All of us together, women and men of La Via Campesina, make a responsible commitment to build new and better human relationships among us, as a necessary part of the construction of the new societies to which we aspire.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;For this reason during this V Conference we decided to break the silence on these issues, and are launching the World Campaign “For an End to Violence Against Women."&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We commit ourselves anew, with greater strength, to the goal of achieving that complex but necessary true gender parity in all spaces and organs of debate, discussion, analysis and decision-making in La Via Campesina, and to strengthen the exchange, coordination and solidarity among the women of our regions.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;We recognize the central role of women in agriculture for food self-sufficiency, and the special relationship of women with the land, with life and with seeds.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In addition, we women have been and are a guiding part of the construction of Via Campesina from its beginning. If we do not eradicate violence towards women within our movement, we will not advance in our struggles, and if we do not create new gender relations, we will not be able to build a new society.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;We are not alone:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;the building of alliances&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;By ourselves, we peasants and family farmers cannot win our struggles for dignity, for a just food and agrarian system, and for that other world that is possible.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We have to build and reinforce our organic and strategic alliances with movements and organizations that share our vision, and this is a special commitment of the V Conference.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Youth provide our hope for a better future&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The dominant model in rural areas does not offer any options to young people. Youth are our base for the present and the future, so we commit ourselves to the full integration and creative participation of young people in all levels of our struggle.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Education to strengthen our movement&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;In order to have greater success and victories in our struggles, we need to dedicate ourselves to the internal strengthening of our movement, by political formation to build our capacity to interpret and transform our realties, by training, and by improving communication and articulation among ourselves and with our allies.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Diversity and unity in the defense of peasant agriculture&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;As an international social movement, we can say that one of our greatest strengths is our ability to unite different cultures and ways of thinking in one single movement.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;La Via Campesina represents a common commitment to resist, and to struggle for life and for peasant and family farm agriculture.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;All the participants of the V Conference of La Via Campesina are committed to the defense of food and of peasant agriculture, the right to Food Sovereignty, to dignity and to life.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We are here, the peasants and rural peoples of the world, and we refuse to disappear.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Globalize Struggle!&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Globalize Hope!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2515980802812174198-7792477131067191252?l=viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/feeds/7792477131067191252/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2515980802812174198&amp;postID=7792477131067191252' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7792477131067191252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2515980802812174198/posts/default/7792477131067191252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://viacampesinaafrica.blogspot.com/2008/11/declaration-of-maputo-v-international.html' title='Declaration of Maputo: V International Conference of La Via Campesina'/><author><name>mazivile</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2515980802812174198.post-9037955207295672716</id><published>2008-11-07T12:39:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-19T16:22:07.035+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Déclaration de Maputo: V Conférence Internationale de La Via Campesina</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Maputo, Mozambique, 19-22 octobre 2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Pour la souveraineté alimentaire! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Unité et mobilisation des peuples!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Nous, hommes et femmes, sommes les gens de la terre, ceux et celles qui produisent l’alimentation du monde. Nous avons le droit de continuer à être paysannes et paysans et la responsabilité de continuer à nourrir nos peuples. Nous, hommes et femmes, prenons soin des semences, qui sont la vie et pour nous, l’acte de produire est un acte d’amour. L’humanité a besoin de nous, et nous refusons de disparaître.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Nous, La Via Campesina, mouvement mondial d’organisations de femmes rurales, de paysans, de paysannes de petits agriculteurs et agricultrices, travailleurs et travailleuses des campagnes, peuples indigènes, afro-descendants, d’Asie, d’Europe, d’Amérique et d’Afrique, sommes réunis à Maputo, Mozambique, du 19 au 22 octobre 2008 pour notre Ve Conférence Internationale. Nous avons été&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;reçus de manière chaleureuse, fraternelle par nos hôtes, la União Nacional de Camponeses (UNAC) du Mozambique.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Nous sommes réunis pour réaffirmer notre détermination à défendre l’agriculture paysanne, nos cultures et notre droit à continuer d’exister en tant que peuples avec une identité propre. Nous sommes plus 550 personnes, dont 325 délégués et déléguées venant de 57 pays, représentant des centaines de millions de familles paysannes. Les femmes constituent plus de la moitié des personnes qui produisent des aliments dans le monde et nous célébrons ici notre Troisième Assemblée des Femmes. Nous célébrons également notre Seconde Assemblée des Jeunes de la Via Campesina, car la participation décisive de le jeunesse garantit le présent comme le futur du monde rural. Au cours de cette Ve Conférence Internationale, nous avons ratifié également l’adhésion de 41 nouvelles organisations de La Via Campesina et nous avons compté avec la participation de nombreuses organisations et mouvements alliés du monde entier, au cours de notre première Assemblée avec les alliés de La Via Campesina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Quatre années de lutte et de victoire&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Au cours de la Ve Conférence Internationale, nous sommes revenus sur les principales luttes, actions et activités depuis la IVe Conférence Internationale qui a eu lieu à Itaici au Brésil en juin 2004. Parmi elles, il faut souligner les mobilisations massives contre l’OMC, contre les Accords de Libre Echange (ALE) dans différentes régions du monde et contre le G8 à Rostock et Hokkaido. En 2005, La Vía Campesina a été très présente lors de la journée de lutte devant le sommet de l’OMC à Hong Kong, participant ainsi à la plus récente des actions continues qui ont permis aux mouvements sociaux de maintenir paralysées les négociations lors des sommets de l’OMC, depuis Seattle en 1999. Nous jouons également un rôle central dans d’autres mobilisations contre l’OMC, de Genève jusqu’en Inde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;En 2007, nous avons organisé, avec nos principaux alliés, le Forum International sur la Souveraineté Alimentaire à Nyeleni au Mali. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Ce fut un moment crucial de la construction d’un grand mouvement mondial pour la souveraineté alimentaire. Environ 500 délégués des plus importants mouvements sociaux au monde ont participé à cet évènement et un agenda stratégique et d’action pour les prochaines années a été défini. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Avant mais aussi après Nyeleni, nous avons organisé de nombreuses réunions nationales et régionales sur la souveraineté alimentaire. Au cours des dernières années, nous sommes parvenus à ce que plusieurs pays, dont l’Equateur, la Bolivie, le Népal, le Mali, le Nicaragua et le Venezuela incorporent le concept de souveraineté alimentaire dans leur Constitution et/ou leurs lois nationales. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Au travers de notre Campagne Mondiale pour la Réforme Agraire, expression de nos luttes pour la terre et en défense du territoire, nous avons co-organisé le Forum Mondial de la Réforme Agraire à Valence, en Espagne en 2004 et en 2006, nous avons organisé la Rencontre Internationale des Sans Terre à Porto Alegre, Brésil, avant la Conférence Internationale sur la Réforme Agraire et le Développement Rural (CIRADR) de la FAO. Nous avons participé aux mobilisations des femmes du Brésil contre le désert vert de l’eucalyptus de la multinationale Aracruz le 8 mars, et lors du forum parallèle, nous avons obtenu de grandes avancées sur les positions des gouvernements. En 2007, nous avons organisé au Népal la Conférence Internationale sur la Souveraineté Alimentaire, la Réforme Agraire et les Droits Paysans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;En 2004, nous avons&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;une fête mondiale d’échange de semences paysannes au cours de notre Ive Conférence. En 2005, nous avons organisé le Séminaire International sur les semences « Libérons la diversité », comme un volet de notre lutte globale en faveur des semences paysannes et contre les OGM et la technologie Terminator. La Vía Campesina du Brésil a organisé des mobilisations durant la Conférence Internationale de la Convention sur la Diversité Biologique (COP-8) en Mars 2006 à Curitiba, Brésil. Sur ces mêmes thèmes, nous avons tenu des activités importantes à Mysore en Inde la même année et en 2008 à Bonn, en Allemagne et aussi en France, où une grève de la faim a fortement contribué à l’interdiction du maïs génétiquement modifié de Monsanto. En 2007 au Brésil, Keno, un grand combattant du MST a été assassiné par un homme armé à la solde de Syngenta mais au bout d’un an, nous avons réussi à obliger Syngenta à rendre au gouvernement les terres utilisées illégalement pour des expérimentations transgéniques.&lt;span style=""&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La Vía Campesina, en compagnie d’autres mouvements sociaux, a organisé la « Village de la solidarité » en parallèle à la Conférence sur le Changement Climatique que l’ONU a organisée à Bali, Indonésie en 2007, où nous avons avancé l’argument que l’agriculture paysanne refroidit la planète.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;En 2008, nous avons organisé à Djakarta, Indonésie, une conférence internationale centrée sur notre proposition de Déclaration Internationale&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;des Droits des Paysans. Avant la conférence internationale, a eu lieu l’Assemblée des Femmes sur les Droits des Paysans et des Paysannes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;L’engagement solidaire de la Via Campesina a été mis en évidence en 2004 lors de notre effort mondial pour canaliser l’aide alternative aux victimes du tsunami ; en 2007 avec la participation de trois délégations à des rencontres avec les Zapatistes au Mexique et chaque année lors d’actions importantes de solidarité avec les combattants et combattantes victimes de la criminalisation des manifestations sociales sur tous les continents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Le déplacement de populations rurales consécutif au modèle néolibéral provoque le déplacement massif de personnes, devenant un thème critique pour La Via Campesina. Depuis 2004, nous élaborons nos stratégies et nos actions sur ces thèmes au sein de notre nouvelle Commission de Travail sur les Migrations et les Travailleurs Ruraux. Nous avons mené diverses actions contre le mur de la honte qu’élèvent les EU.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;D’un peuple à un autre, d’un pays à un autre, nous avons mené à bien les luttes de La Vía Campesina. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Notre mouvement est présent dans toutes les régions du monde où le néolibéralisme est imposé aux paysans, aux paysannes et aux populations rurales.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;La lutte de La Vía Campesina inspire, stimule et génère la résistance des mouvements sociaux contre les politiques néolibérales. Le nombre de pays où des gouvernements progressistes atteignent le pouvoir après des années de mobilisation va augmenter. Et un grand nombre de gouvernements locaux et nationaux ont accentué leur résistance et leur intérêt pour le programme de la souveraineté alimentaire suite à la mobilisation populaire et en réponse à la crise mondiale des prix des produits alimentaires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;L’offensive du capitalisme dans les campagnes, les crises multiples et le dépouillement des peuples paysans et indigènes&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT"&gt;Dans le contexte mondial actuel, nous sommes confrontés à une convergence de plusieurs crises : alimentaire, climatique, énergétique et financière. Ces crises trouvent leurs origines communes dans le système capitaliste et plus récemment dans la dérégulation effrénée de ses domaines d’activité respectifs d’activité économique, qui donnent la priorité au commerce et au profit. Dans les régions rurales du monde entier, nous avons vu une offensive féroce du capital et des entreprises multinationales sur l’agriculture et les biens naturels (eau, forêts, minerais, biodiversité, terre, etc.) qui se traduit
